原位生长陶瓷增强泡沫铝的形成机理及压缩特性

Realization of the aluminum foam with lightweight and high-performance is a scientific research subject. In this research project, the metal-ceramic compositing is the main research idea. A new type of ceramic reinforced aluminum foam was fabricated by in-situ forming ceramic layer on the surface of the open-cell aluminum foam using Micro-arc Oxidation technology. The effect factors and evolution rules of the chemicals, phases and structures of the ceramic layer were studied. The in-situ growth characteristics and grownth kinetics of the ceramic layer on the internal surface and external surface of the aluminum foam were clarified. Effects and mechanisms of the structure characteristics of the aluminum foam (porosity and pore size) on the in-situ growth behaviors of the ceramic layer were expounded. The compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of the ceramic reinforced open-cell aluminum foam under compressive load were studied. The macro and micro failure mechanisms of the ceramic reinforced open-cell aluminum foam were expounded. The influence laws of the energy absorption characteristics of the ceramic reinforced open-cell aluminum foam were revealed. The mechanical action mechanisms of the ceramic on the open-cell aluminum foam were clarified. The development of this research project will be favor for finding out the inherent law among the formation, structure and compressive characteristics of the ceramic reinforced open-cell aluminum foam. This research project will provide the basis of science theory on the designation and application of the aluminum foam.

实现泡沫铝的轻质高性能化是具有科学内涵的研究课题。本项目以金属-陶瓷复合化为主要科研思路，采用微弧氧化法在通孔泡沫铝表面原位生成陶瓷层，形成外强内韧的新型陶瓷增强泡沫铝。研究陶瓷层的成分、组织、结构的影响因素及演变规律，阐明陶瓷层在泡沫铝外表面及内表面的原位生长特性及陶瓷层的生长动力学，探讨通孔泡沫铝的结构特征（孔隙率和孔径）对微弧氧化陶瓷层原位生长行为的影响及机理。研究陶瓷增强泡沫铝在压缩载荷下的压缩性能及能量吸收特性，探讨陶瓷增强泡沫铝的宏观失效机理及微观失效机理，揭示其能量吸收特性影响规律，阐明陶瓷层对泡沫铝的力学作用机理。本项目的开展可揭示陶瓷增强泡沫铝的形成、组织结构与压缩特性间的内在规律，为泡沫铝的设计和应用提供科学理论依据。

本项目开发了新的（近）球形孔通孔泡沫铝的制备工艺，并采用微弧氧化技术在球形孔通孔泡沫铝内外表面原位生成了氧化铝陶瓷层，制备出了新型陶瓷增强泡沫铝。研究了微弧氧化膜层在泡沫铝表面的原位生长特性，并阐明了膜层的生长动力学。获得了泡沫铝的结构特征（孔隙率和孔径）对陶瓷层组织结构的影响规律，并探讨了其相关机理。从宏观和微观两个方面阐明了陶瓷增强泡沫铝的压缩行为及其失效机理，并得出其能量吸收特性的影响规律。依托本项目，申报了国家发明专利1项，发表了科研论文10余篇，项目的研究成果可提高泡沫铝的结构功能一体化特性，为其在汽车、航天等领域的应用提供科技支撑。