利用自旋粒子等效原理实验研究时空挠率

Although General Relativity has withstood all the experimental tests in the past century, it still has some defects in describing spinning particles. Different from General Relativity, the gravitational theory with torsion can well describe the dynamic properties of the spinning particles by introducing torsion, a new field transferring the spinning interaction. With the atomic interferometry technology developing rapidly, testing the weak equivalence principle with different spin-oriented atoms has become an effective method to study the spin-torsion couplings. Although there are many literatures discussing the relativistic effects in atom gravimeters, the spin and gravitomagnetism effects of atoms have been neglected in the studies. Based on our previous work, this project intends to further improve the calculation of the spin-related relativistic effects in atomic interferometers. In addition, based on the certain torsion field models and the study of Lorentz invariance violation in Standard Model extension framework, this project will also explore the space-time torsion which is beyond the general theory of relativity, by combining the test of weak equivalence principle with different spin-oriented atoms performed in our lab, and finally give the upper bound of the torsion-model parameters. The above work not only contributes to evaluate the systematic error of atomic interferometers, but also has a important significance for exploring the possible path of gravitational quantization and promoting the development of general relativity and torsional theory.

尽管广义相对论在过去的一个世纪里经受住了所有的实验检验，但是其在描述自旋粒子上仍有一定的缺陷。不同于广义相对论，含挠率的引力理论通过引入一种新的传递自旋相互作用的挠率场，可以更完善地描述自旋粒子的动力学性质。随着原子干涉技术的不断发展，不同自旋取向原子等效原理实验已成为研究自旋-挠率耦合效应的一种有效手段。虽然目前已有不少文献讨论过原子干涉仪的相对论性的理论模型，但研究中均忽略了原子的自旋属性及引磁效应。本项目拟在申请人前期工作的基础上，进一步完善原子干涉仪中自旋相关相对论效应的计算；此外，基于具体的挠率场模型及标准模型扩展框架下对洛伦兹破缺效应的研究，结合本实验室开展的不同自旋取向原子等效原理实验，探究超越广义相对论范畴的时空挠率，对挠率模型参数给出上限估计。以上工作的开展不仅有助于原子干涉仪系统误差的评估，而且对引力量子化可能路径的探索、推动广义相对论及挠率理论的发展有重要的意义。

研究含挠率的引力理论有助于更完善地描述自旋粒子的动力学性质。不同自旋取向原子的等效原理检验实验是研究自旋-挠率耦合效应的一种有效手段。本项目借助原子等效惯性系的思想，发展了原子干涉仪的理论建模方法；探究了原子干涉仪在测量地球转动、万有引力常数、引力波、及检验等效原理中的运用，并提出了主要噪声项的压制方案；提出了原子干涉检验弱等效原理的新思路，且结合现有实验技术水平，评估了其所能达到的检验水平，也进一步估算了其对挠率梯度的限制上限为7.6*10^-11 m^-2；拓展性地提出了利用原子钟比对检验爱因斯坦等效原理的新框架，对模型参量给出了当前最好限制，即在10^-5水平上检验了爱因斯坦等效原理仍成立。以上工作的开展有助于评估原子干涉仪系统误差、推动广义相对论及挠率理论的发展。