金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹穿甲陶瓷靶的弹靶变形和破坏机理研究

Metallic glass matrix composite (MG composite) maintains the high shear sensitivity of metallic glass (MG) and it usually exhibits a “self-sharpening” property in the penetration. Thus, the composite may be used as a new kind of kinetic energy penetrator (KEP) material and it has a good potentiality in the military application. The present project focuses on the penetration of MG composite long rod into the brittle ceramic target with high strength. By integrating with related penetrating tests, numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, the mechanism of deformation and failure of rod and target materials will be investigated. Based on the high-speed photographing for the penetrating process and the micro-scale and meso-scale observations for the residual rod and target materials, the failure modes of materials and the corresponding ballistic performance will be distinguished. Besides, Numerical simulations on the penetrating tests will be conducted, and the deformation and failure processes of rod and target materials, especially the initiation and propagation characteristics of shear bands and shear cracks in the MG composite, and the evolutions of damage and fracture in the ceramic material, are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the corresponding mechanism of deformation and failure will be investigated based on the experimental and numerical results and related theoretical analysis. The possible special penetrating performance will be studied, and the influences of various internal and external factors on the penetrating performance are discussed deeply, and then the corresponding theoretical criterion will be suggested. Finally, the project will give some suggestions on the structure design and the penetration condition for the composite long rod, and it will also provide a valuable reference for MG composite to be used as a new kind of KEP material in the military application.

金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹保持了金属玻璃的高剪切敏感性，在穿甲过程中容易呈现“自锐”特征，因此可用作新型动能穿甲弹芯材料，具有重要军事需求意义。本项目针对复合材料长杆弹穿甲高强脆性陶瓷靶板，通过试验研究、数值仿真和理论分析相结合，研究弹靶的变形和破坏特征以及相关机理。基于穿甲试验的高速摄影和对残余弹靶材料的微细观观察，分析材料的变形和破坏模式以及相应弹道特性；开展针对穿甲试验的数值仿真，详细分析弹靶材料变形和破坏的具体历程，尤其是复合材料弹体内部剪切带和剪切裂纹的生成和扩展特性、陶瓷靶内部损伤和断裂的演化特征；之后结合试验观察、数值仿真结果和理论分析等详细研究变形和破坏的物理机制，并讨论可能存在的特殊穿甲现象，分析不同内外部因素对弹体穿甲性能的影响，给出相关理论判据。最后给出针对弹体结构设计和穿甲条件的建议，为复合材料作为新型动能穿甲弹应用于军事领域提供参考。

项目的研究工作按计划进行并已完成预定研究内容，实现了预期目标。研究取得以下3个方面的成果：(1)、长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶过程中界面击溃及其临界转变的理论分析：系统开展了平头长杆弹斜撞击陶瓷靶和锥头长杆弹正撞击陶瓷靶过程中界面击溃现象及其临界转变的理论分析。针对斜撞击情形，考虑倾角的影响，推导弹体界面击溃过程中弹体速度、弹体质量等随时间变化的表达式，并进一步分析了弹体由界面击溃向侵彻转变所对应撞击速度范围随倾角变化的特性，同时讨论了相应临界转变时间；对于尖锥头弹体情形，鉴于在锥头界面击溃过程中弹靶接触面随时间而变化，引入尖锥头所导致的弹靶界面等效冲击应力，推导了界面击溃转为侵彻所对应的临界撞击速度范围，并分析其随弹体半锥角和端部截面半径的变化特性，同时讨论临界转变时间的变化特征。相关分析均推导得到解析形式的理论表达式。(2)、金属玻璃复合材料弹体穿甲性能的有限元模拟研究：利用修正的热力耦合本构模型来描述金属玻璃基体的高强度和高剪切敏感性，并结合复合材料细观结构特征建立相应有限元几何模型，系统开展了针对复合材料力学行为和穿甲性能的数值模拟研究，讨论增强相体积分数、增强相力学性能以及应变率等内外部因素对复合材料力学行为的影响，同时分析撞击速度、靶材强度、弹头形状和弹体构型等因素对复合材料弹体穿甲性能的影响。(3) 金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹穿甲陶瓷/金属复合靶的试验研究：开展了穿甲试验并对弹靶的变形和破坏形貌进行分析，甄别复合材料弹体变形和破坏的多种模式，并给出弹体有效侵彻/穿甲的撞击速度范围。相关工作为金属玻璃复合材料作为新型穿甲弹应用于国防军事领域奠定了一定基础。