直升机舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的影响因素及作用机理

The Ship-Helicopter Operating Limits (SHOL) offers a guarantee for the safety of shipborne helicopters and the operating pilots. A high-accuracy calculation method of the SHOL can significantly reduce the cost and risk of helicopter/ship dynamic interface tests over the sea. However, the state-of-the art theoretical methods can not predict the SHOL accurately. It is mainly because that the influencing factors and mechanism of the pilot workload during helicopter shipboard operations are not fully understood yet. This project takes the pilot workload during helicopter shipboard operations as the research object. The helicopter flight dynamics model integrated with the two-way coupled rotor/ship wakes will be established. A method for the simulation of the pilot/helicopter/wakes synergistic motions will be developed. The high-efficient integration method between the two-way coupled rotor/ship wakes and helicopter flight dynamics model, the dynamic interaction between the coupled rotor/ship wakes and helicopter motions, as well as the influence and variation of multi factors on the pilot/helicopter/wakes synergistic motions during helicopter shipboard operations will be investigated. The mechanism of the two-way coupled rotor/ship wakes on the pilot workload during helicopter shipboard operations will be clarified. The effect and variation of the coupled multi factors will be uncovered. The contributions of this project are to provide the theoretical and technical support for the calculation of SHOL, and ultimately to achieve the goal of ensuring the safety of shipborne helicopters and improve the mission effectiveness.

风限图是舰载直升机起降和驾驶员生命安全的重要保障，采用理论方法计算风限图能够显著降低机•舰配合海试的费用和发生高危事故的可能性。现有方法无法准确计算风限图，主要原因在于舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的影响因素及作用机理尚不完全清楚。本项目以驾驶员操纵负荷为研究对象，以集成旋翼•舰船耦合尾流的直升机飞行动力学模型为核心，以舰面起降的人•机•尾流协同响应模拟为基础，深入研究旋翼•舰船耦合尾流与飞行动力学集成建模的高效协调方法、旋翼•舰船耦合尾流与直升机运动的动态耦合机制、多种因素对舰面起降人•机•尾流协同响应的影响及变化规律等关键科学问题，阐明旋翼•舰船耦合尾流对舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的作用机理，揭示多种因素及其耦合的影响及变化规律，为直升机舰面起降的高置信度风限图计算提供理论和技术支撑，最终达到全面提升舰载直升机起降安全和任务效能的目的。

项目研究了直升机舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的影响因素及作用机理。.在集成舰面非定常气流场的直升机飞行动力学模型方面，发展了舰面非定常气流场数值模拟方法，采用本征正交分解方法解决了舰面非定常气流场与直升机飞行动力学模型的高精度高效率集成问题，建立了集成舰面非定常气流场的直升机飞行动力学模型，通过与国外风洞试验和飞行试验数据对比验证了舰面气流场数值模拟方法和直升机飞行动力学模型。.在直升机舰面起降的人/机/尾流协同响应模拟及操纵负荷评估方法方面，建立了基于Tau理论的驾驶员制导模型，发展了基于结构驾驶员模型的直升机舰面起降控制模型，与集成舰面气流场的飞行动力学模型融合，形成了直升机舰面起降的人/机/尾流协同响应模拟方法，与飞行试验数据对比验证模拟方法；进一步发展了基于驾驶员操纵时间历程的操纵负荷评估准则，分析了舰面随机紊流对驾驶员操纵负荷的影响。.在直升机舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的影响因素及作用机理方面，基于驾驶员模型在环的直升机舰面起降飞行仿真，分析了舰面非定常气流场时空变化特性对直升机舰面起降驾驶员操纵负荷的作用机理，进一步探索了驾驶员操纵、直升机动力学特性、舰面起降点位置等因素及其耦合对直升机舰面起降安全的影响及变化规律，绘制了直升机舰面起降风限图。.基于项目研究编制了直升机舰面起降的飞行动力学模型计算机程序，发展了基于驾驶员模型的直升机舰面起降操纵负荷数值模拟及分析方法，分析了舰面非定常气流场、驾驶员操纵、直升机动力学特性、舰面起降点位置等多种因素对直升机舰面起降安全的作用机理及影响规律。项目研究成果发展了直升机舰面起降安全及驾驶员操纵行为研究的基础理论，可用于直升机舰面起降的安全风限图估算、飞行控制律设计、飞行仿真等方面。