印度季风对青藏高原南部持久性有机污染物传输影响

The transport and fate of contaminants in the Tibetan Plateau are significantly influenced by the unique climatological and meteorological conditions, particularly by the summer Indian monsoon and winter westerly jet stream. Evidences that Asian monsoon transport of pollutants to the Tibetan Plateau are increasing. This project will study the effects of Indian monsoon on the transport of POPs to the Tibetan Plateau. The historical organochlorine compounds and emerging halogenated flame retardants are targeted in this research to carry out: (1) to comparatively study the spatial and seasonal variations of POPs in areas under the influence of the southwest and southeast monsoon; (2) to identify the possible sources and depositions of POPs to the southern Tibetan Plateau by Indian monsoon and its impacts on the mountain cold-trapping; (3) to distinguish the degree and range of the impacts of local emissions on the current organochlorine pesticides pollution; (4) to characterize the long-range transport potential of the emerging halogenated flame retardants. This innovative project will play important roles for the elucidation of the possible sources and orographic cold trap effect of several kinds of POPs in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These findings can provide scientific basis for the evaluation of the ecotoxicological risk and environmental protection of the Tibetan Plateau.

青藏高原持久性有机污染物（POPs）的大气传输和沉降行为受到当地特殊的环境气象条件影响。青藏高原南部季风特征明显，主要受到夏季印度季风和冬季西风环流的控制。近年来的研究表明印度季风能够传输南亚大气污染物到青藏高原。该项目将系统深入研究印度季风对青藏高原POPs的传输和高山冷凝效应的影响，以传统的有机氯化合物和新型的卤代阻燃剂为目标化合物拟开展以下几个方面的研究内容：（1）西南季风区与东南季风区POPs污染物传输与沉降的空间差异性和季节性特征；（2）印度季风输送POPs污染物的源汇识别及其对高山冷凝效应的影响；（3）有机氯农药化合物本地源影响程度和影响范围的研究；（4）新型卤代阻燃剂的筛选与长距离传输特性研究。本项目的实施将揭示青藏高原南部环境介质中POPs主要来源和沉降机理，为青藏高原生态系统科学评估和环境保护提供参考依据。

青藏高具有特殊的大气环流模式，主要受到夏季印度季风和冬季西风环流的控制。南亚是全球持久性有机污染物（POPs）的重要源区，印度季风如何影响青藏高原POPs的传输和沉降是重要的科学问题。本项目以有机氯农药、多环芳烃和新型卤代阻燃剂为目标污染物，对青藏高原南部的植被和土壤多种环境介质进行较系统的研究，并取得了以下研究成果：1）揭示了藏东南峡谷水汽通道对POPs的重要传输作用，证实了印度季风能够将南亚污染物传输到青藏高原；2）阐明了藏东南山地森林土壤POPs的汇效应机制在于森林过滤效应与高山冷凝效应的双重作用；3）揭示了新型卤代阻燃剂类污染物的大气长距离传输特性及高山环境行为；4）揭示了印度季风对青藏高原南部POPs空间分布的差异性机制。该成果对青藏高原POPs的传输途径和来源的认识具有重要意义，为青藏高原环境保护和我国环境外交提供数据支持和理论参考。