不同高温胁迫方式对菊方翅网蝽种群发展的影响

Under the trend of global warming, maximum temperature on summer days is often predicted to surpass critical thermal maxima, resulting in stressful conditions for many insects. Even small increases in maximum temperature may depress fitness components such as development, survival and fecundity, even impact insect species distribution and population dynamics. Hot weather often lasted for many days in summer season, this means that insects may suffer continuous high temperature stress. Early studies focused on the response of insects to a single high temperature stress. And there were differences in the tolerance to high temperature between different stages and different sexes in insect species. So we investigated the effects of different high temperature conditions on the survival, fecundity and offspring vitality of Corythucha marmorata Uhler to identify the tolerance to high temperature stress of different stages and gender. The results have theoretical and practical significance to reveal the influence of high temperature on the development of C. marmorata population and its invasion potential in china.

在全球变暖的趋势下，夏季日最高气温常会超过昆虫临界高温，对其造成胁迫，降低昆虫的存活、生殖、后代存活力等特性，进而影响到昆虫种群的生存和发展。夏季高温常会持续多日，这意味着昆虫可能会连续遭受多次高温胁迫。早期研究多集中于昆虫对单次高温胁迫的响应，而且昆虫不同虫态、不同性别之间对高温的耐受性存在差异。鉴于此，我们以新入侵害虫——菊方翅网蝽为研究对象，研究不同高温胁迫方式（单次高温胁迫、多次高温胁迫、长期高温胁迫）对菊方翅网蝽存活、生殖、后代活力的影响，明确不同虫态、性别的菊方翅网蝽对高温胁迫的耐受性，揭示高温对菊方翅网蝽种群发展的影响及其在我国的入侵潜能。

菊方翅网蝽是近年来入侵中国的有害昆虫，为了明确菊方翅网蝽对高温的耐受性，揭示高温对菊方翅网蝽种群发展的影响以及该虫在我国的入侵潜能，我们开展了以下研究：（1）单次和多次短时高温胁迫对菊方翅网蝽各虫态存活特性的影响。（2）单次和多次短时高温胁迫对菊方翅网蝽生殖适应性的影响。（3）连续高温胁迫对多代菊方翅网蝽存活和生殖适应性的影响。主要研究结果：（1）菊方翅网蝽卵、5龄若虫、雌雄成虫在35～45℃范围内经过1～3次的高温胁迫后其存活率随着暴露温度的上升和暴露时间的延长出现下降。其中在较为缓和的温度35℃下进行短时间的高温暴露，菊方翅网蝽卵、若虫和雌雄成虫存活率下降较慢；41℃及其以上高温会导致各虫态存活率显著下降，41℃下仅暴露1次1h，各虫态存活率与对照也出现显著差异。43℃和45℃会导致各虫态迅速死亡。对各虫态的高温耐受性进行比较：成虫＞若虫＞卵，雌雄成虫对高温的耐受性没有显著差异。（2）胁迫温度、不同配对形式和胁迫次数对F1代性比没有显著影响，雌虫比例一直在50%左右。胁迫温度、不同配对形式以及胁迫次数对产卵前期、F1代孵化率和F1代总存活率具有显著影响。成虫经历短时高温胁迫，即使能够存活，也会出现产卵前期延长、F1代孵化率和F1代总存活率显著下降的现象，进而影响后代种群的发展。无论雌虫还是雄虫受到高温胁迫后进行交配，均会引起产卵前期的显著延长，但雄虫受到胁迫后的效应更加明显。（3）对1～3代菊方翅网蝽成虫进行连续短时高温胁迫，结果发现，经过连续高温胁迫的菊方翅网蝽成虫其后代卵和幼虫的发育历期缩短，后代的存活率、成虫寿命也分别有所降低和延长，与对照相比存在显著差异。但后代的产卵量和雌虫比例没有显著变化。