生态环境恢复目标导向的稻田生态补偿标准研究

Agricultural land provides not only food and fiber, which is the important safeguard to food security of our country, but also serves as various non-market commodities with characteristics of externalities or public goods. However, there are also many negative impacts on environment of the paddy production.Thus, in order to promote farmers to engage in ecological agriculture or organic agriculture to provide more ecosystem services，it's necessary to pay farmers for their loss to change cultivation mode. However, most current standards of the peddy ecological compensation calculated by separate factor, such as the cost of ecosystem conservation, or the value of ecosystem services, or the willingness to accept eco-compensation. So, the standard is difficult to be recognized by all the stakeholders and lack of operability because of neglection of the other facts..Thus, under the guidance of Academician Li Wenhua, this project calculates the standard of paddy eco-compensation based on the subjective decision-making characteristics of individuals and paddy ecosystem characteristics. Firstly, to explore the relationship of the willingness of farmers to accept eco-compensation and the ecosystem services they could provide after compensaiton, based on the perspective of macro-economic behavior of farmers; Secondly, to explore the space distribution of the opportunity cost of rice paddy ecosystem services supply, based on the perspective of microeconomic decisions of individual farmers; Finally, to couple the famers' willingness and the opportunity cost through the common ecosystem services, and as the capacity of the overwhelming majority for principe to build a ecological restoration oriented eco-compensation standard for the paddy system.

稻田生产对生态环境的影响具有两面性，为使稻田生产提供不同组合或更高水平的环境服务，需要补偿农户因转变操作方式而损失的收益。然而目前的生态补偿标准核算方式往往都是基于单个要素，或是生态保护的成本投入，或是生态效益的经济产出，或是受偿意愿等。这种单一角度核算的标准很难得到另一方的认可，降低了补偿标准的可操作性。.本研究小组在李文华院士的指导下，基于稻田生态系统特点以及农户个人的主观经济决策特征，一方面从农户的宏观经济行为的视角，探讨农户的受偿意愿与其愿意提供的生态环境效益的关系；另一方面从单个农户的微观经济决策的视角，探讨稻田生态系统环境效益供给机会成本的空间分布；最后，以新增稻田生态环境效益为纽带，耦合农户的受偿意愿与机会成本，以最多数农户的承受能力为原则，构建一种政策上有效的生态环境恢复目标导向的稻田生态补偿标准。

稻田生产对生态环境的影响具有两面性，为使稻田生产提供不同组合或更高水平的环境服务，需要补偿农户因转变操作方式而损失的收益。然而目前稻田生态系统的生态功能尚未得到广泛普遍的重视，造成了稻田生态保护的激励不足和稻田环境问题的普遍发生。因此，必须尽快建立科学的以生态环境恢复为导向的稻田生态补偿机制，以调整相关利益各方生态及其经济利益的分配关系。本研究在综述稻田生态补偿研究的基础上，明晰了稻田生态补偿的概念及其必要性，构建了稻田生态补偿的机制框架，分析了补偿的标准和途径。. 同时，目前的生态补偿标准核算方式往往都是基于单个要素，或是生态保护的成本投入，或是生态效益的经济产出，或是受偿意愿等。这种单一角度核算的标准很难得到另一方的认可，降低了补偿标准的可操作性。 本研究以云南省哈尼稻作梯田为例，基于稻田生态系统特点以及农户个人的主观经济决策特征，从农户的微观经济决策的视角，探讨稻田生态系统服务供给机会成本的空间分布；再从区域的宏观经济行为的视角，探讨补偿标准与农户愿意提供的生态环境效益的关系。从而，以新增稻田生态环境效益为目标，耦合农户的受偿意愿与机会成本，实现了通过生态环境恢复目标（新增生态效益）来确定补偿标准；同时，也可以最多数农户的承受能力为原则，确定生态补偿标准为7779.45元/hm2，以满足最多数农户转变生产方式的机会成本，实现政策上的有效。. 本研究共在国内外学术期刊杂志上发表论文8篇，其中SCI收录2篇，中文核心期刊5篇，会议论文1篇。