基于公平关切诱因的供应链运作优化和协调机制

Fairness concern was shown by a large amount of academic literature as well as practice to be an important behavioral preference widely existing in economic relationships among human beings, including supply chain operations. Studies of fairness concern in supply chain have made some progress, but it is necessary to enrich it, because most extant literature of fairness concern in operations management study solely ‘outcome-driven’ type. In fact, there are ‘non-outcome’ inducements such as the rule before the game and the risk in the game etc. that would trigger the players’ fairness perceptions. The research on inducements behind fairness concern is not deep enough while the study about inducements is a key step to reveal fairness concern’s mechanism, which affects the specific form of performance of fairness concern under different supply chain backgrounds. This project plans to study fairness concern inducements, considers the performances of outcome, procedure, intention and risk, investigates and formulates decision-makers’ mechanisms of action within supply chain, builds models of fairness concern with more meticulousness, and then studies the impacts of fairness concern on supply chain’s decision making, efficiency and coordination, and designs guidance mechanism of contract coordination. The analyses of multi-inducements of fairness concern behind supply chain members are conducive to enrich the fairness-concerned operations research system. The research findings will help to enhance cooperation between (among) supply chain members and enhance supply chain’s efficiency and stability, which endows the project with theoretical and practical value.

实践和文献研究均显示，公平关切是包括供应链运作在内的人类经济关系中普遍存在的行为偏好。围绕公平关切的供应链研究已经取得一定进展，不过仍需进一步丰富，因为现有研究大都只考虑“结果”这个单一驱动因素。事实上，现实中还存在其它“非结果”诱因导致的公平感知，如博弈前的规则和博弈时的风险等。围绕公平关切诱因的研究尚不够深入，而诱因是揭示公平关切作用机理的关键一环，且影响到在不同的供应链背景下公平关切的具体表现。本项目拟针对公平关切诱因展开研究，考虑结果、程序、意图和风险等诱因的表现，在供应链背景下探究决策者的公平关切作用机理，并加以形式刻画，构建更加细致的公平关切模型，进而研究公平关切对供应链决策、效率以及协调的影响，并设计出契约协调引导机制。本项目对供应链主体多视角公平诱因的分析有助于丰富公平关切运作研究体系。预期成果对促进供应链主体之间的合作、提高供应链的效率和稳定性具有一定的指导意义。

目前关于行为运作管理的研究已经越来越受到关注。它是将决策人自身具有或所关注的行为偏好融入到其效用函数，从心理层面来描述和解释决策人的行为。行为经济学家认为，决策人不仅关注自己的利润，而且会将其与别人的所得进行比较，从而会产生一种所谓的公平关切偏好。现有研究大多基于“结果”这一诱因考虑公平关切，实际上其他“非结果”诱因导致的公平关切也广泛存在。本项目组按照既定研究计划，从多个公平诱因出发，基于不同视角剖析供应链中公平行为的作用机理，进而研究公平关切供应链的运作优化问题。针对结果公平关切问题，研究了复杂供应链结构下分配公平和同行诱导公平之间的交叉影响，并提出了同行关涉公平的新概念，在批发价、数量折扣等多种契约形式下研究了上述公平关切对供应链最优决策和协调的影响；针对程序公平关切问题，刻画了程序公平关切在供应链中的具体表现，探究了程序公平在不同特征下的相互作用，并设计了基于程序公平关切的行为契约来协调供应链；在风险公平关切方面，项目组对预售背景下的风险公平关切开展了初步研究。此外，项目组还对其他行为运作和平台运作问题展开了研究。具体来说，项目组考虑了损失厌恶和风险感知等行为因素的供应链运作问题，对平台背景下的众筹机制优化和设计也进行了探索性的研究。到目前为止，在本自科青年基金项目的资助下共发表（含在线发表）10篇期刊论文，其中SCI/SSCI源期刊论文8篇，包括运作管理领域的国际主流期刊、欧洲运筹学协会会刊European Journal of Operational Research，国际生产联合会会刊International Journal of Production Research和International Transactions in Operational Research等。目前项目组研究成果google严格他引88次，SCI/SSCI严格他引62次。项目组在国内较早地将公平关切纳入到供应链运作管理的研究范畴中来。本项目的相关研究结论和成果既是对现有公平研究的重要拓展，又有助于丰富基于公平关切供应链的研究体系，将会为供应链在运作层面的具体开展提供理论参考和现实指引。