高速电气铁路供电系统电能质量分析及混合有源补偿拓扑辨识

With the development of high-speed electrified railways, there are new problems such as harmonic resonance and voltage fluctuations in the power quality of traction power supply systems. The study of power quality analysis and compensation is crucial to the safe operation of traction power supply system. Based on field power quality test data, the research establishes a mathematical model of ‘traction substation-traction network-electric locomotive’, and uses impedance analysis to study the law of change in each power quality index and power quality evaluation index. Hybrid active unified compensation topology identification is obtained through the use of graph theory, the establishment of adjacency matrix, isomorphism identification and other methods based on the unified compensation port definition. Based on the mathematical model ‘traction substation-hybrid active compensation-traction network-electric locomotive’, We study output dynamic impedance parameters change mechanism of electric locomotive, output dynamic impedance change mechanism of hybrid active compensation and the mechanism between the various parameters of traction power supply system. Then hybrid active topology parameter identification and hybrid active compensation capacity calculation and optimization method are completed. Finally, a complete mathematical modeling method of ‘traction power supply system + hybrid active compensation’ and hybrid active compensation identification method are formed. Through the research, it is expected to provide important technical support and theoretical guidance for the comprehensive assessment of power quality and hybrid active compensation of high-speed electrified railway power supply system.

随着高速电气化铁路发展，牵引供电系统电能质量出现了谐波谐振、电压波动等新问题，电能质量分析及补偿研究对牵引供电系统的安全运行至关重要。本研究以现场电能质量测试数据为基础，建立“牵引变电所-牵引网-电力机车”数学模型，利用阻抗分析法研究各电能质量指标变化规律及电能质量综合评估指标；利用图论相关理论，采用建立邻接矩阵、同构辨识等方法辨识混合有源统一补偿拓扑；在“牵引变电所-混合有源补偿-牵引网-电力机车”数学模型的基础上，研究电力机车输出动态阻抗参数变化机理、混合有源补偿输出动态阻抗变化机理和牵引系统各阻抗参数间的作用机理，进而完成混合有源拓扑参数辨识和混合有源统一补偿容量计算及优化方法。形成一套完整的“牵引供电系统+混合有源补偿”建模方法和混合有源统一补偿辨识方法。通过课题的研究，有望对高速电气化铁路供电系统电能质量综合评估和混合有源补偿提供技术支撑和理论指导。

随着我国高速电气化铁路的快速发展，新能源的大比例接入恶化了高速铁路牵引供电系统电压异常、谐波等电能质量问题，对高速铁路电力机车的安全运行提出了新的挑战。本项目基于现场测试得到的电能质量测试数据，提出了电能质量分析的指标与框架，建立了电能质量综合评估指标体系；基于图论的基础，采用矩阵法、同构辨识等方法对混合有源统一补偿拓扑进行了辨识；采用阻抗建模方法，分析混合有源补偿拓扑输出动态阻抗、电力机车输出动态阻抗、牵引网阻抗、牵引变压器阻抗特性之间的相互作用机理和对谐波谐振发生的影响程度，进行混合有源统一补偿拓扑参数辨识及容量优化。在上述研究内容的基础上，项目构建了“牵引变电所-牵引网-电力机车”数学模型，分析了列车不同工况、数量、组合情况下电能质量的变化特征；推导有限元件电气化铁路单臂有源补偿系统拓扑数目的通用公式及简化公式，提出了一种多元件混合补偿网络的拓扑辨识和分析的新方法，分析了完全补偿、满意补偿情况下功率因数、负序电流不平衡度与同相补偿装置和牵引变压器的相对容量、电网侧负序和无功功率之间的关系。课题推动了我国铁路事业的快速发展，为电气化铁路的安全稳定运行、电能质量分析、混合补偿分析等工作提供理论基础与技术指导。