越冬白头鹤与同域家禽肠道病原细菌交互感染的时空特征

Migratory birds and poultry are natural hosts and transmitting vectors of pathogen, which plays an important role in the occurrence and transmission of some diseases. Recently, the rule of pathogenic bacterial cross transmission between migratory birds and sympatric poultry has become a hot topic in zoology and epidemiology research. The degradation of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river leads to loss of wintering waterfowls foraging habitat and forces the waterfowls and poultry to mix groups for foraging, which increases the pathogenic bacterial cross infection between waterfowls and sympatric poultry, so it is urgent to study the rule of pathogenic bacterial cross transmission between wintering waterfowls and sympatric poultry. This project uses fresh excreta to analyze intestinal pathogenic bacterial species and community composition by amplicon sequencing and functional metabolic network by metagenome sequencing, to illustrate the intestinal pathogenic bacterial community feature of wintering hooded crane and sympatric poultry; the integrated analysis of intestinal pathogenic bacterial data between wintering hooded crane and sympatric poultry are performed by bioinformatics technology to clarify the dynamic characteristics and rules of pathogenic bacterial cross infection between wintering hooded crane and sympatric poultry. This study is of great scientific significance for the effective evaluation of potential outbreak risk in bacterial diseases and guiding the implementation of epidemic prevention for migratory waterfowls and poultry.

候鸟和家禽是一些病原体的天然宿主和传播媒介，在一些流行性疾病的传播中扮演着重要角色。近年来，候鸟与同域家禽之间疾病交互传播规律成为动物学和流行病学研究的热点。长江中下游湖泊退化导致迁徙水鸟觅食栖息地丧失，迫使水鸟与家禽在农田混群觅食，增加病原细菌在水鸟和家禽之间交互感染风险，越冬水鸟与同域家禽肠道病原细菌交互传播规律研究十分迫切。本研究采集越冬白头鹤及同域家禽新鲜粪便样本，通过扩增子测序分析白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的种类和群落组成，通过宏基因组测序分析白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的功能代谢网络，阐明白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的群落特征；利用生物信息学技术整合分析白头鹤与同域家禽肠道病原细菌的数据，阐明白头鹤与同域家禽肠道病原细菌交互感染的动态特征及规律。本研究对于有效评估越冬水鸟及家禽细菌性疾病的潜在爆发风险，指导实施迁徙水鸟及家禽流行性疾病防疫具有重要科学意义。

候鸟和家禽是一些病原体的天然宿主和传播媒介，在一些流行性疾病的传播中扮演着重要角色。长江中下游湖泊退化导致迁徙水鸟觅食栖息地丧失，迫使水鸟与家禽在农田混群觅食，增加病原细菌在水鸟和家禽之间交互感染风险。本研究采集白头鹤及同域家禽新鲜粪便样本，通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序分析白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的种类和群落组成，通过宏基因组测序分析白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的功能代谢网络，阐明白头鹤及同域家禽肠道病原细菌的群落特征；利用生物信息学技术整合分析白头鹤与同域家禽肠道病原细菌的数据，阐明白头鹤与同域家禽肠道病原细菌交互感染的动态特征及规律。研究结果表明鸟类和家禽肠道细菌的优势门（相对丰度>1%）为厚壁菌门，变形菌门，拟杆菌门和放线菌门。白头鹤肠道携带更多的病原细菌序列数，表明白头鹤可能面临更加严重的患病风险。所有的病原序列通过相似性聚类一共得到81个病原细菌的操作分类单元数。白头鹤特有的肠道病原细菌的操作分类单元数较高，达到37个。进一步对序列进行分析，通过比对得到11种病原细菌。这些病原细菌种可能会造成鸟类以及家禽甚至人类患病。采用相似性分析发现白头鹤与家禽肠道病原细菌群落组成存在显著差异。白头鹤与家鸭肠道中都检测出病原细菌，并且发现前期重叠的病原占22%，后期占到42%，说明存在一定的交互感染风险。同时我们也关注肠道病原真菌，采用FUNGuild分析来研究肠道病原真菌。研究发现一共有42个潜在的病原真菌ASV，其中最少样品为0个，最多样品含有10个ASV。两种生物肠道中都有的病原真菌ASV为7个，占到全部的17%，进一步说明野鸟和家禽肠道中存在病原交互传播。白头鹤肠道中共发现22个特有的潜在致病ASV，家禽肠道中发现13个特有的潜在致病AVS。鸟类可以迁徙，他们携带的病原微生物可能会随着迁徙带到不同地区，造成较大的疫病风险。本研究对于有效评估越冬水鸟及家禽细菌性疾病的潜在爆发风险，指导实施迁徙水鸟及家禽流行性疾病防疫具有重要科学意义。