基于异构救援网络的灾后应急物流建模与优化研究

Emergency relief is a core task of emergency management and a scientific problem in emergency decision-makings under complex circumstances, which is crucial to reduce losses of life and property as well as enhance emergency response capabilities after disasters. Heterogeneity prevalently exists in real emergency relief activities, such as different kinds of relief agents coexistence, various logistics processes mutually affecting, and information from diverse sources continuously emerging. The traditional quantitative studies on emergency relief logistics have not been able to systematically consider these heterogeneities, resulting in the built decision-making optimization models often too idealistic, and thus lacking practical significance. In this project, we intend to conduct research on the heterogeneity problems in post-disaster emergency logistics scenarios, and particularly focus on typical heterogeneities between relief subjects/objects, logistics processes and information. We try to build network optimization models to quantitatively characterize the relationships between various heterogeneities, and design solving algorithms based on these heterogeneous relief networks, in order to analyze the impact of these heterogeneities to emergency decision-makings. We seek to make innovations in heterogeneous subjects/objects coordination based on coopetition game models, heterogeneous logistics processes equilibrium based on supernetwork models, heterogeneous information integration based on ontologies, and so forth. The proposed new models, approaches and techniques in this project will improve the effectiveness and applicability of emergency decision-makings.

应急处置救援是应急管理的核心任务，属于复杂条件下的应急决策科学问题，对于突发灾害事件发生后减少生命财产损失、提升应急应对能力至关重要。真实的应急救援活动中广泛存在异构性，例如各类参与对象共存、多种物流过程相互影响、不同来源的应急信息不断涌现，而传统的应急救援物流定量研究尚未能系统性地考虑这些异构性，致使所建优化决策模型的实施条件有时过于理想化，现实指导意义不足。本项目拟针对灾后应急物流场景中的异构性问题开展研究，重点关注典型的应急救援主/客体异构、物流过程异构和信息异构，通过构建网络模型来定量刻画各种异构性之间的逻辑关联，设计基于异构救援网络的优化求解方法，分析各类异构性对应急决策的影响。项目力图在基于竞合博弈的异构主/客体协调、基于超网络的异构物流过程协同，以及基于本体的异构信息集成等方面有所创新。本项目研究中形成的新模型、方法和支撑技术对于提高应急决策的有效性和适用性具有重要意义。

应急处置救援是应急管理的核心任务，属于复杂条件下的应急决策科学问题，对于突发灾害事件发生后减少生命财产损失、提升应急应对能力至关重要。真实的应急救援活动中广泛存在异构性，例如各类参与对象共存、多种物流过程相互影响、不同来源的应急信息不断涌现等。现有的应急救援物流定量研究较少系统考虑这些异构性，致使所建优化决策模型的实施条件有时过于理想化，难以直接服务应用于决策。本项目拓展上一期青年基金的初步探索，对灾后应急救援物流中的典型异构性问题开展深入分析，探讨各种异构性之间的逻辑关联，设计基于异构救援网络的灾后应急物流建模与优化求解方法，研究各类异构性对应急救援决策的影响。重点关注典型的应急救援主/客体异构、物流过程异构和信息异构现象，探讨这些异构性产生的原因和机理，全面构建考虑这些异构因素的应急救援网络模型，并设计合适高效的优化求解算法。取得的成果如下：针对应急主/客体异构，探讨多元化主体间的合作机制以及差异化客体间的竞争机制，构建了基于异构主体合作、异构客体竞争的应急救援网络模型并实施优化求解。面向应急救援中异构物流过程，分析避难安置、医疗救护、资源调配这三种典型物流过程间的关联机理和协同机制，构建了基于异构物流过程协同的应急救援网络模型，并探寻其网络均衡状态。面对应急救援中大规模的异构信息，研究基于本体的异构信息语义集成技术，并对异构信息兼容的应急救援网络实施优化求解。项目在基于竞合博弈的异构主/客体协调、基于超网络的异构物流过程协同，以及基于本体的异构信息集成等方面有所创新，并将研究成果集成于两本中英文专著中。项目研究中形成的新模型、方法及支撑技术有利于提高应急决策的有效性和适用性，对于提升真实灾害场景下的应急处置救援能力、推进全面高效的应急管理体系建设具有重要意义。