复杂合成气爆炸及火焰加速特性基础研究

Gas explosion is one of the worst accidents in the coal mines, which often caused huge casualties and property losses. In fact, the coal mine not only has the methane but also has a small amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Although the content is less, but they also have significant influence on the gas explosion. Moreover, in order to reduce the environmental pollution produced by the coal combustion, the development and application of clean coal technology have attracted wide attention from all countries in the world. Among the many clean coal technologies, the production of the syngas (i.e., H2 and CO) by coal gasification is recognized as one of the promising advanced technology. However, the current study of syngas mainly focus on some basic combustion characteristic and the reports about its explosion characteristics is still less. Therefore it is urgently needed to develop systematic research on the explosion characteristics of syngas. Based on above, through theoretical analysis, and laboratory test numerical simulation methods, this project will focus on the explosion dynamics characteristics, the explosion influence factors and explosion flame acceleration characteristics of syngas. It can help to obtain the dynamics characteristic parameters of syngas explosion, systematic study the affecting factors of syngas explosion and the corresponding mechanism, reveal the mechanisms of explosion flame acceleration. The proposal is expected to lay scientific foundation for the coal mine gas explosion accidents prevention and the syngas industrial safety applications.

瓦斯爆炸煤矿井下最严重的灾害事故之一，往往造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。实际煤矿井下除甲烷以外还存在少量的H2与CO，虽然含量较少，但是对瓦斯爆炸的影响非常巨大。此外，为了减少燃煤产生的环境污染，当前世界各国都十分重视洁净煤技术的开发和应用，在诸多洁净煤技术中，煤炭气化生成合成气(H2与CO)被认为是最有发展前途的先进技术之一。然而目前关于合成气的研究则主要关注于一些基础的燃烧特性，而对其爆炸特性的研究则鲜有报道，因此急需对合成气爆炸特性进行系统研究。基于此，本项目拟通过理论分析、实验室实验、数值模拟等手段，重点开展合成气爆炸动力学特征、爆炸影响因素、爆炸火焰加速特征等方面研究，获得合成气爆炸动力学参数，系统的研究合成气爆炸影响因素及其相应的作用机制，揭示合成气-空气爆炸火焰加速机理。研究成果，期望为预防煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸事故发生与保障合成气工业的安全应用奠定科学基础。

合成气是一种洁净的可再生能源。因其来源广泛、燃烧效率高、污染排放少，被认为是一种潜力巨大的可替代燃料而受到广大学者的关注。合成气的主要可燃成分为H2和CO，但因其气化工艺与气化原材料的差异导致其组成成分及含量变化较大，因此其燃爆特性复杂且极具爆炸危险性。为实现合成气的安全利用，亟需对其燃爆特性开展相关的研究工作。基于小尺寸实验平台，本项目对合成气-空气预混爆炸火焰在管道内的传播动力学特征开展了细致的研究工作。. 合成气-空气预混爆炸火焰在管道中传播时间随着氢气体积分数的增大而减小，且在氢气体积分数较小时时对火焰传播时间影响较为剧烈，在氢气体积分数较大时对火焰传播时间影响较为舒缓。最大爆炸超压随氢气体积分数的增加呈线性增长。火焰通过障碍物后，向障碍物附近卷吸的小火焰单元与向未燃区传播的小火焰单元相互竞争导致障碍物火焰前锋的反转。障碍物促进了郁金香火焰的形成。两端开口管道中，处于负压振荡的超压曲线P1证实了左右两侧火焰传播过程中存在显著的流体竞争。最后，采用现有的火焰传播模型对合成气-空气预混爆炸火焰传播动力学特征进行预测。火焰不稳定性与火焰-管道壁面耦合作用对合成气-空气预混爆炸火焰传播模型具有较大的影响。. 项目研究提供了合成气-空气爆炸实验数据，可为保障合成气工业的安全应用提供支持。