声波辅助剪切增稠高效超精密抛光方法研究

Demand for the high efficiency, high quality and low cost ultra precision machining of the curved surface, this project proposes the ultra precision polishing method based on the ‘acoustic assisted shear thickening effect ’ . In order to achieve high efficiency and high quality polishing of the curved surface, a shear thickening polishing liquid was developed and by means of the acoustic field .controllable to enhance the shear thickening effect of the polishing liquid. The project is with the help of the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study, reveal the acoustic assisted polishing fluid shear thickening mechanism, developing an acoustic assist shear thickening polishing liquid and its characteristic detection and evaluation method, reveal the mechanism of material removal of the abrasive actting on the machined surface, study the Influence law of process parameters to the machining efficiency and machining quality, determine the main control factors of the polishing process, to determine the reasonable processing way, developing a polishing prototype, Finally, realize the high efficiency, high quality and low cost polishing of typical curved surface parts. It will provide a new theory and technology for ultra precision polishing of curved surface parts, which has important theoretical significance and engineering application value.

面向曲面高效、高质量、低成本超精密加工需求，本项目提出一种基于“声波辅助剪切增稠效应”的高效超精密抛光方法。研制一种剪切增稠抛光液并通过施加可控的声场以增强抛光区域内抛光液的剪切增稠效应，进而实现曲面的高效高质量抛光。本项目借助于理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究，揭示抛光液的声波辅助剪切增稠机制，建立一种声波辅助剪切增稠高效抛光液特性检测评价方法；揭示磨粒在加工表面的力学作用及运动规律，掌握抛光液与工件的作用机理及工件材料的去除机理；研究工艺参数对加工效率和加工质量的影响规律，确定抛光过程的主要控制因素；确定合理的加工方式，研制原型抛光机；最终实现典型曲面零件的高效、高质量和低成本抛光加工。为曲面零件的超精密抛光加工提供一种新理论和新技术，具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。

随着光学、精密机械、信息电子等领域产品零件形面趋于复杂化，以及零件表面精度要求的进一步提高，高精度、高质量、高效率的抛光技术成为重要的研究方向。本项目提出一种基于振动辅助控制的剪切增稠抛光方法，通过振动辅助作用控制加工区域抛光液的剪切增稠程度，实现复杂曲面类零件高效、高质量、低成本的表面加工。本项目通过理论分析、加工实验揭示了振动辅助作用下抛光液的剪切增稠机理以及材料去除机理，研究分析抛光过程中工艺参数对工件材料去除率及表面质量的影响。本项目建立了拥有自主知识产权的高效精密抛光理论基础及工艺技术，为工件的超精密抛光加工提供一种新理论和新技术，具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。