颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的演化和可观测量信号

In the project we will study the evolution, observables, and detection signals of the granular inhomogeneous particle-emitting sources in high energy heavy ion collisions. We will investigate the effects of particle multiple scattering, absorption, and resonance decays on the interferometry of the granular sources by using the technique of quantum transport of the interfering pair. We will examine the observables of the single-particle spectra, elliptic flow, triangular flow, fluctuations of correlation functions, source coherence, imaging source functions, and so on, of the granular inhomogeneous particle-emitting sources with zero chemical potentials. We will search for the signals which are sensitive to the granular inhomogeneity of the source. By introducing the effects of surface tension and viscosity, we will develop and improve the simulation code of the hydrodynamic evolution with the event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions wich are given by the recognized event generators. We will investigate the system breakup conditions, breakup time, and the evolution of the droplet-interacting granular source. We will investigate the possibilities of system breakup and forming the granular source with the first-order phase transition and at the critical point. We will examine the properties and observables of the granular particle-emitting source with finite baryon chemical potentials, and search for the signals of system breakup under the evolution with the first-order phase transition. The researches in this project will be great interest for people to understand the source formation, structure, evolution, and freeze-out in high energy heavy ion collisions.

本项目拟研究高能重离子碰撞中颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的演化、可观测量以及检测信号。我们将利用相干粒子对量子传输的干涉学方法，研究颗粒源情况下粒子多重散射、吸收和共振态衰变对干涉学分析的影响。研究零重子化学势颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的单粒子谱、椭圆流、三角流、关联函数涨落、源相干性、视像源函数等可观测量，寻找对源颗粒非均匀性敏感的信号。发展和完善逐事件涨落初始条件下流体动力学演化源模拟程序，通过引入表面张力和粘滞效应，从公认的高能核-核碰撞事件产生器出发，研究在涨落初始条件下演化系统可能发生碎裂的条件，碎裂时间，以及有颗粒相互作用的颗粒源的演化。研究在一级相变和临界点系统碎裂形成颗粒性粒子发射源的可能性及其特点。研究有限重子化学势颗粒性粒子发射源的演化和各种可观测量，以及在一级相变下系统碎裂的信号。本项目研究对人们了解高能重离子碰撞中粒子发射源的形成、结构、演化和冻出具有重要意义的。

研究高能重离子碰撞中产生的颗粒性非均匀系统的演化和可观测量信号是该领域的前沿课题。本项目建立了对高能重离子碰撞中颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的理想和粘滞流体动力学演化模拟，研究了高能重离子碰撞中颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的HBT关联、单粒子横动量谱、椭圆流和高阶流。研究了碰撞逐事件涨落初始条件下的末态粒子可观测量及其涨落，研究了颗粒性非均匀粒子发射源的信号以及多种效应对其的影响。研究了全同π介子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚对HBT干涉学混沌性参量的影响，研究了高能重离子碰撞中玻色子的压缩背对背关联。通过与RHIC和LHC实验数据的系统比较，确定颗粒源模型的初始参量。提出描述粒子发射源颗粒非均匀性的颗粒性长度参量，发展了对末态粒子可观测量涨落的检测方法。提出极端相对论重离子碰撞中出现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的条件。分析了φ介子在源内的介质效应，预言了实验上可能测得的φ介子的压缩背对背关联。以上研究和成果对于人们了解高能重离子碰撞产生系统的性质有重要意义。