自驱动阴阳型胶囊纳米马达的可控组装及光驱动机理研究

Biological motors convert chemical energy into mechanical motion in nature. Inspired by biological motors, a variety of self-propelled nanomotors based on different chemical reactions have been fabricated, especially the fabrication and mechanism of the nanomotors based on hydrogen peroxide fuel with extensive attention. However, how to artificially control the motion of nanomotors and improve the biocompatibility of fuel is still a great challenge. As the extension of the our recent achievement on the controlled "on/off" motion of nanorockets, which are propelled by the bubbles produced from the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, through the introduction of the light control, this project aims to study the controlled assembly, movement mechanism, artificial control, and applications of fuel-free nanomotors driven by near-infrared laser. We will realize the controlled fabrication of gold-partially-covered Janus capsule nanomotors by employing the layer-by-layer assembly, improve experimental devices to record and analyze the movement of nanomotors and uncover the relationship among the motion behavior of nanomotors, the power of the laser, and the irradiation time, study the photothermal conversion efficiency and the physical process of the formation of the temperature gradient over the surface of nanomotors and surroundings through theoretical simulations to reveal the movement mechanism of nanomotors and realize the artificial control of the motor motion, and explore the applications of nanomotors in drug delivery. Light-driven nanomotors avoid the usage of toxic fuel, which will provide the reliable theoretical and technical basis for the applications of artificial motors in biomedical fields.

自然界中生物马达将化学能转化为机械运动。受此启发，人们制备了基于不同化学反应的自驱动纳米马达，特别是基于过氧化氢燃料的纳米马达合成及机理研究受到广泛关注。然而，如何更好地实现纳米马达运动的人为控制并提高燃料的生物相容性仍然面临很大的挑战。作为近期申请人引入光调控过氧化氢催化分解产生气泡驱动纳米火箭“开/关”运动工作的延伸，本项目旨在研究无燃料条件下近红外光驱动纳米马达的可控组装、运动机理、人为控制及其应用。采用层层组装等技术可控构筑金修饰的阴阳型胶囊马达，改进实验装置记录与分析合成马达的运动，给出激光能量、辐照时间与马达运动行为的关联关系，通过理论模拟揭示光热转换效率、马达表面及附近水中热梯度产生等物理过程，阐明马达的光驱动机理，实现马达运动的人为控制，探索光驱动纳米马达在药物输运中的应用。光驱动纳米马达避免了有毒燃料的使用，将为人造马达在生物医学领域的应用提供可靠的理论和技术基础。

自然界中生物马达将化学能转化为机械运动。受此启发，人们制备了基于不同化学反应的自驱动纳米马达，特别是基于过氧化氢燃料的纳米马达合成及机理研究受到广泛关注。然而，如何更好地实现纳米马达运动的人为控制并提高燃料的生物相容性仍然面临很大的挑战。申请人引入光调控过氧化氢催化分解产生气泡驱动纳米火箭“开/关”运动工作的延伸，本项目通过研究无燃料条件下近红外光驱动纳米马达的可控组装、运动机理、人为控制及其应用。采用层层组装等技术可控构筑金修饰的阴阳型胶囊马达，改进实验装置记录与分析合成马达的运动，给出激光能量、辐照时间与马达运动行为的关联关系，通过理论模拟揭示光热转换效率、马达表面及附近水中热梯度产生等物理过程，阐明马达的光驱动机理，实现马达运动的人为控制，探索光驱动纳米马达在药物输运中的应用。经过四年的执行，围绕上述问题，我们开展了多项研究工作。本项目组已经在微纳米马达合成、运动行为与运动机理探讨方面取得了突破性进展，产生了许多未预期的新成果，并实现了其在生物医学领域的应用示范。部分结果已在J. Am. Chem. Soc.（3篇）、Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.（6篇）、Adv. Mater.（1篇）、ACS Nano（2篇）等国际重要期刊上发表35篇学术论文，获黑龙江省科学技术奖励两项。已毕业6名博士生和5名硕士生，培养2名博士后。