番茄根际代谢物招募微生物抵御青枯菌入侵机制研究

Rhizosphere soil is the path of pathogen invading crop root. A stable and healthy rhizosphere is the guarantee to protect crops against pathogen. The rhizosphere metabolites and microorganisms, maintaining the activities of the rhizosphere soil; play important roles in plant growth. In this study, rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased tomato plants will be sampled from the field experiment, and rhizosphere metabolites will be characterized and differential metabolites are selected. Then, the effects of differential metabolites on rhizosphere microbiome will be evaluated and the potential key microbes will be isolated. Finally, the mechanisms of the isolates defense of pathogen invasion will be investigated via antagonistic competition, spatial competition and nutritional competition. This study will help the understanding of interaction between metabolites and microbial community of crop rhizosphere, clear the mechanism of rhizosphere chemical composition and microorganism components against pathogen invasion, and provide theoretical basis to build healthy.

健康稳定的根际环境是保障植物健康的基础。根际代谢物和微生物是根际活力维持的重要因素，在抵御病原菌入侵、保障作物健康生长方面发挥着重要作用。本项目拟在大田中选取健康和发病的番茄植株，运用代谢组学技术分析其根际土壤代谢物组分，通过差异分析和盆栽实验确定能抵御病原菌入侵的潜在关键代谢物；进而研究这些关键代谢物对土壤微生物的影响，并分离、纯化被代谢物招募的潜在关键微生物类群；最后拟从拮抗竞争、空间竞争和营养竞争三个方面解析关键微生物类群抵御病原菌入侵的内在机制。研究结果将有助于阐明番茄根际代谢物组分招募微生物群落抵御病原菌入侵的机理，为进一步了解根际互作、合理构建抑病根际保障作物可持续生产提供理论依据。

植物的根际代谢物在植物生长、防御上发挥重要功能。植物可以改变根际代谢物的组分和含量，从而招募对自身有利的根际微生物群落以应对环境胁迫。但是目前仍不清楚如何精确地筛选以及利用根际代谢组分进行土壤微生物组的调控以使其有利于植物健康。本研究通过GC-MS以及机器学习算法识别健康、发病番茄的差异根际代谢物，随后通过盆栽实验验证其生防效果，并结合扩增子测序技术明确代谢物对微生物群落的调控方向，最后通过生长曲线、无菌培养实验、稀释涂布等方法阐明差异代谢物调控根际微生物以促进植物健康的机制。本研究有助于深入理解根系-微生物互作的机制，对番茄青枯病的防控提供技术指导与理论依据。