金纳米簇/超分子凝胶复合纤维材料的可控制备及其在汞气测量中的应用研究

Gaseous mercury accounted for 90% of total mercury in the environment, the development of efficiently mercury vapor capturing, good stability, easy recovery of nanomaterials, is important for control global mercury pollution. The project is planned for the measurement of trace mercury in gas demand, which combined supramolecular gels provide thermal reversibility reversible, high porosity and high adsorption performance, as well as gold clusters provide high surface area and high fluorescence efficiency. Based on the principle of gold amalgam enrichment induced gold nanoclusters fluorescence quenching, rational design and preparation gold cluster/supramolecular hydrogel composite fiber materials would be perform. There are two ways to achieve the fibrous gel with synthesis of gold clusters in situ: introducing the reducing functional groups into the gelators or using gelators modified gold nanoclusters. The infuse factors of functional groups, solvent selection, pH value on the adsorption properties of materials and fluorescence efficiency, will be systematically studied. In addition, exploring the fluorescent properties of gold nanoclusters within supramolecular gel fibrous and controlled aggregation mechanism, as well as the internal relations of fluorescent material with gel gold cluster size, content, the state of aggregation efficiency and other factors. Depend on the supramolecular gels reversible phase transition behavior (gel - solution transition), the establishment of efficient removal of mercury vapor pollutants in situ and "enrichment - detection - recovery" integrated real-time online measurement of mercury vapor at room temperature is an interesting research. The study also provides a new way to improve the sensitivity of mercury vapor measurement.

气态汞占环境中总汞的90%，开发能够高效捕获汞气、稳定性好、易回收的纳米材料，对控制全球汞污染具有重要意义。本项目拟针对痕量汞气测量需求，结合超分子凝胶提供的热可逆、高孔隙率和高吸附性能，以及金纳米簇的高比表面和高荧光效率等特性，基于金汞齐富集引发金纳米簇荧光淬灭原理，设计制备一类金纳米簇/超分子凝胶复合纤维材料。通过将还原性功能基团引入凝胶因子以及凝胶因子修饰金纳米簇两种方式，实现纤维状凝胶中原位还原制备金纳米簇；考察胶凝剂分子引入的功能团、溶剂选择、pH值等因素对材料吸附性能及荧光效率的影响，揭示在纤维状凝胶中金纳米簇的荧光性能和可控聚集机制，探索凝胶中金纳米簇尺寸、含量、聚集状态等因素与材料荧光效率的内在联系；利用超分子凝胶的可逆相转变性能（凝胶-溶液转变），建立室温条件下汞气染物高效去除与原位“富集-检测-回收”一体化实时在线汞气测量的新方法，也为提高汞气测量灵敏度提供新的途径。

汞的检测和回收在环境污染防治、油气和矿产资源勘查、地质灾害预测等领域均有重要的应用价值。开发能够高效捕获汞气、稳定性好、易回收的纳米材料，对汞污染防治和痕量汞快速测量具有重要意义。本项目针对以上需求，结合超分子凝胶提供的热可逆、高孔隙率和高吸附性能，以及金纳米簇的高比表面和高荧光效率等特性，基于金汞齐富集汞的原理，制备了一系列金纳米簇/超分子凝胶复合纤维材料。项目中合成了基于胆固醇和长烷基链的系列凝胶因子，同时也合成了具有红色荧光和绿色荧光发射的金纳米簇材料，并将金簇和凝胶材料复合，制备了具有荧光的复合纤维材料，并对汞检测进行了测试，通过调节凝胶因子的种类、与金簇的配比、制备条件等参数，建立了一种用于汞检测和吸附的新颖、快速和高灵敏度传感器，为汞检测提供了一种新的途径。