铁路敞车散粒体货物对厢壁的动态载荷模型研究

The research of dynamic load model exert on the end and side wall of the gondola train is the key technology of strength design and fatigue analysis for railway car.This subject will concentrate on the study of dynamic load distribution and its variation rules by the combination of prototype experiment on the truck, three axle shear test and model experiment on the shaking table , numerical simulation caculation and theoretic analysis. Based on the comparative analysis of the three axle test, the dynamic constitutive model will be established applied to various bulk goods; according to the prototype experiment, the distribution and the variation of the dynamic pressure on the wall of carriage will be tested; contrast to the test mentioned above, more complex condition will be tested on the shaking table model test, the suitable finite element caculation model and numerical method will be established for analysing the stress and deformation of bulk goods and wagons. Then the experiment data will verify the numerical model. Further more, series of the parametric analysis will provide an important basis for research of dynamic load model exert on gondola car applied by bulk goods and the strenth design of railway car.

散粒体货物在列车运动过程中对端墙及侧墙的动载荷模型研究是车厢强度设计及疲劳分析的关键技术之一。本课题拟采用原型货车载物试验、室内三轴试验及振动台模型试验及数值模拟计算与理论分析等技术手段相结合，综合研究敞车端墙及侧壁的动载荷分布及变化规律。针对室内三轴试验的分析比对建立反映不同散粒体的动本构模型；通过原型货车载物试验，观测不同运行条件下端墙及侧墙的压力分布及变化特点；根据原型试验，在振动台上进行更加复杂工况的模型车厢振动试验，并将结果与原型试验比对分析，进而建立分析散粒体与车厢的应力与变形特点的有限元计算模型与数值方法，结合原型与室内模型试验观测结果，验证计算模型与分析方法的正确合理性，并通过大量变动参数的对比分析，为散粒体对敞车动载荷模型的研究和车体强度的优化设计提供依据。

散粒体货物在列车运动过程中对端墙及侧墙的动载荷模型研究是车厢强度设计及疲劳分析的关键技术之一。课题利用室内动三轴试验及振动台模型试验及数值模拟分析相结合，对敞车端、侧墙的载荷分布及变化规律进行了系统研究。结合敞车散粒体的种类、受力方式、边界特点等，试验研究了不同散粒体的动本构模型、不同散粒体对厢壁端墙及侧墙的动态压力分布特点及散粒体与金属间的界面摩擦特性为后续的数值计算提供了科学依据，结合动本构模型及界面作用参数开发了有限元数值计算模型。