南疆“水肥温”一体化滴灌对枣树生长及养分吸收利用的影响研究

Red dates industry has become one of the main sources of income of the farmers in the south of Xinjiang. Fertigation is the local efficient irrigation and fertilization mode. At present, most of Chinese jujube drip irrigation and fertigation is by direct extraction of groundwater for irrigation. Underground water temperature is very low. Many studies have found that low temperature water irrigation has a greater negative impact on crop growth and development. While the relevant jujube water fertilizer temperature integrated drip irrigation related research seldom reported. The project adopts field micro plot positioning test and dismemberment analysis method. Study on low temperature water and different temperature warming water drip irrigation, the reasonable matching drip irrigation with add warm water in different growth stage of jujube, “water - fertilizer – temperature” coupling drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield and quality formation and nutrient absorption and utilization of jujube trees. To make clear the effect of Increasing temperature water drip irrigation and the suitable drip irrigation water temperature. Proven increasing temperature water how to reasonable collocation in each growth stage of Chinese Jujube. To make clear the coupling effect of “water-fertilizer-temperature”. To reveal the mechanism of Water and fertilizer and temperature integrated drip irrigation on the growth and development, yield, quality and nutrient absorption use of Chinese jujube. The study will enrich the theory of "the integration of water, fertilizer and temperature". In order to the water, fertilizer and temperature integrated drip irrigation technology, fine management of water and fertilizer of Chinese jujube drip irrigation, and Xinjiang red dates industry health sustainable development, a theoretical basis and technical support are provided.

红枣产业已成为新疆南疆地区农民增收的主要来源之一，滴灌水肥一体化是当地高效的灌溉施肥模式。目前枣树水肥一体化滴灌多以直接抽取地下井水进行灌溉，地下井水水温很低。许多研究发现低温水灌溉对作物生长发育有较大负面影响。而有关枣树水肥温一体化滴灌的相关研究报道甚少。项目采用田间微区定位试验和枝解分析方法，研究水肥温一体化下低温井水及不同温度增温水滴灌、增温水在枣树不同生长阶段合理配合滴灌、不同“水-肥-温”耦合滴灌对枣树生长发育、产量品质形成和养分吸收利用的影响，明确低温井水增温滴灌的效果和适宜的滴灌水温，探明增温水在枣树各生长阶段如何合理搭配，明确水肥温一体化滴灌下“水-肥-温”的耦合效应。揭示水肥温一体化滴灌对枣树生长发育、产量品质形成和养分吸收利用的作用机制。研究将丰富“水肥温”一体化理论，为水肥温一体化滴灌技术、枣树滴灌精细化水肥管理和新疆红枣产业健康持续发展，提供理论依据和技术支撑。

本项目主要开展了低温井水及不同温度增温水滴灌、增温水在枣树不同生长阶段配合滴灌、水肥温一体化滴灌对枣树生长发育、产量品质形成和养分吸收利用的影响的研究。结果表明，（1）在低温井水（10℃）的基础上，提高滴灌水温度能够显著增加0-25cm土层的土壤温度，随着土层深度的增加土温的提高幅度逐渐缩小。（2）增加滴灌水温度能够显著提高枣树的枣吊长度、叶片的SPAD值、净光合速率、坐果率、NPK吸收累积量、枣树产量和枣果的品质，30℃水温滴灌的效果最好，滴灌水温效果排序为：30℃＞40℃＞20℃＞10℃。（3）从增温水在枣树不同生长阶段的滴灌效果看，在枣树的全生育期用30℃水温滴灌的效果最好，显著好于仅在枣树的枝叶生长期或开花坐果期或果实生长期用30℃水温滴灌的效果，开花坐果期用30℃水温滴灌的效果最差。（4）“水肥温”一体化滴灌对枣树的生长发育、产量品质的形成和养分的吸收利用有良好的效果。本研究丰富了“水肥温”一体化理论，为“水肥温”一体化滴灌技术和红枣产业健康持续发展，提供了理论依据和技术支撑。