黄河内蒙古段河冰生消机理与数学模型研究

It is a special Region of The Inner Mongolia Reach of The Yellow River, There has a serious Ice flood disaster. Combined with practical problems, to develop the ice freeze up and break up , ice motion process,river characteristic during frozen time,ice frozen and melt forecast, ice monitor and another research of The Yellow River . It's an important research topic.This study selected the evolution and mechanism of the Yellow River ice during many of the topics which studied ice flood disaster, Develop the channel model test of The Yellow River compare with field test in small region research.According to the result of continuously four year's field test,Revealing the evolution process of The Yellow River ice under the thermaldynamic and hydrodynamic coupled condition,defineing the main influencing factors of ice form and melt.geting the law of forming and melting process of ice cover and border ice. Base on the study of model test near to the river banks, the freeze and melt process is studied at the beginning of ice form and the period in which cann't measure.According to the theroys of ice,the thermaldynamic and hydrodynamic data and the sediment effect on the transport heat, build the ice form and melt model, To carry out some preliminary basic for the next The Yellow river ice research. Provide an important scientific method for the Ice directing, scheduling, decision-making for solving the Yellow River ice problem.

黄河内蒙古段凌汛灾害严重，从防凌减灾的迫切需求出发，开展黄河河冰生消演变、河冰运动过程、封冻河道特性、封开河预报以及冰凌监测等方面的研究，是黄河河冰研究的重要课题。本研究选取黄河凌汛灾害诸多待研究课题中的河冰生消演变机理立题，开展黄河河道动水冰原型观测与岸边水塘静水冰生消野外观测试验；揭示动力因素、热力因素、冰内泥沙含量耦合影响下的河冰生消机理，确定影响黄河河冰生消的主导因素及其各因素的独立作用效应；研究封河期河道冰与岸边水塘冰生消过程之间的相关性规律，进而依据结冰初期、开河期岸边水塘冰生消过程，揭示黄河河道结冰初期、开河期无法量测时段的河冰生消规律；以现有的河冰生消热力学理论模型为基础，综合考虑野外现场量测的动力、热力因素的数据，考虑冰内泥沙含量对河冰导热系数的影响，建立黄河河冰生消的数学模型。为黄河凌汛的进一步研究开展一定基础性前期工作，为防凌指挥、调度、决策提供重要的科学依据。

黄河内蒙古段凌汛灾害严重，从防凌减灾的迫切需求出发，开展黄河河冰生消演变、河冰运动过程、封冻河道特性、封开河预报及其冰凌监测等方面的研究，是黄河河冰研究的重要课题。本研究选取黄河凌汛灾害诸多待研究课题中的河冰生消演变机理立题，开展黄河河道动水冰原型观测与岸边水塘静水冰生消野外观测试验，揭示水塘静水冰的生长过程与热力因素的关系，解释冰情参数变化规律，进而总结出静水冰生消及冰盖演变规律和机制，并结合热力基本方程建立静水冰盖生消及水温耦合的数学模型；研究整个封冻期河口水塘斜温层的变化过程与垂向温度的变化规律，并建立冰温与冰厚的数学模型；对黄河万家寨上游河段的历史实测冰情资料进行统计分析，得到该河段的冰情特征以及万家寨水库运行后出现的新冰情，确定影响黄河河冰生消的主导因素及其各因素的独立作用效应，并运用数学模型对万家寨上游河段的流凌日期、封河日期、开河日期和冰厚进行了模拟及验证。为黄河凌汛的进一步研究开展奠定基础性前期工作，为防凌指挥、调度、决策提供重要的科学依据。