Prostate cancer patients often develop into hormone refractory prostate carcinoma after treatment with the androgen deprivation therapy in a period of time. The programmed necrosis is considered to be one of the main ways of tumor cell death. Drug-resistant tumor cells could be cleared by programmed necrosis. Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Chinesemedicine. Platycodin D(PD) is one of the major bioactive components of Platycodon grandiflorum. Somein vivo and in vitro researches have addressed that PD is a potential anti-cancer compound though regulating cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and other multiple mechanisms. However, we know little about the relationship between PD and programmed necrosis at the moment. Our preliminary experiment results showed that PD disruptedcell membranes and increased the expression of MLKL and phosphorylated MLKL in PC3 cells. Therefore, it is imperative to further explore the mechanism of PD inducing programmed necrosis in prostate cancer. FOXO3a, a transcription factor, is a tumor suppressor gene.It has been reportedthat FOXO3a arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis by regulating its downstream genes. However, the relationship between FOXO3a and programmed necrosis has not yet been reported. Our preliminary experiments showed that PD induced reduction programmed necrosis in prostate cancer cells after treatment with siRNA FOXO3a. In this study, we will explore the effect of PD onprogrammed necrosis in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo and investigate the role of FOXO3a and its molecular mechanism,thusproviding new ideas forprostate cancer treatment.
前列腺癌患者在经过去势治疗后,常发展成激素难治疗性前列腺癌。程序性坏死是细胞死亡的方式之一,耐药肿瘤细胞可能通过程序性坏死清除。桔梗是传统的中药材,桔梗皂苷D(platycodin D, PD)是桔梗中含量最丰富的皂苷类。有研究显示,PD在体内外能通过细胞周期/凋亡等多机制抑制肿瘤的发生。但未见PD与程序性坏死的研究。预实验显示,PD损伤前列腺癌细胞PC3细胞膜,并上调程序性坏死相关蛋白MLKL及其磷酸化,因而试图对PD诱导前列腺癌的机制进行进一步探索。FOXO3a 作为转录因子,是抑癌基因。已有研究指出,FOXO3a可以通过下游基因调控细胞周期及细胞凋亡。但尚缺乏FOXO3a与程序性坏死的报道。预实验显示,加入siRNA FOXO3a后,PD诱导前列腺癌的程序性坏死减少。本研究通过体内外实验研究PD对前列腺癌程序性坏死的影响及探讨FOXO3a在其中的相关机制,为前列腺癌治疗提供新的思路。
前列腺癌患者经过去势治疗后,往往发展成激素难治疗性前列腺癌,预后差。肿瘤细胞的程序性坏死是肿瘤细胞死亡的主要方式之一,耐药肿瘤细胞可能通过程序性坏死被清除,从而利于抗肿瘤治疗。FOXO3a作为转录因子,调控下游一系列基因,具有抑制前列腺癌发生发展的作用,是肿瘤化疗的重要靶标。FOXO3a与DNA结合促进下游蛋白Bim,FasL和TRAIL的转录水平,诱导细胞凋亡。在一定条件下,TRAIL与FasL也可诱导肿瘤细胞程序性坏死。.结果显示桔梗皂甙D(Platycodin D, PD)促进前列腺癌PC3程序性坏死。PD干预PC3(Pten-/-)细胞后,FOXO3a mRNA表达和蛋白表达上升上升,并增加蛋白在核中的表达,表明PD促进FOXO3a转录及促进FOXO3a功能。经shRNA-FOXO3a转染的PC3细胞中,PD诱导的程序性坏死及Bim,FasL,TRAIL蛋白和mRNA水平均减少。表明PD诱导的程序性坏死经由FOXO3a介导。我们进一步转染cDNA-Akt(FOXO3a上游分子)进入PC3细胞,发现PD诱导的程序性坏死同样减少。当共转染FOXO3a和Akt质粒时,则恢复PD诱导的程序性坏死。以上结果表明PD介导的肿瘤细胞程序性坏死经由Akt-FOXO3a通路。同时发现,PD促进p-Akt和降低Akt表达。蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132预处理细胞,发现PD诱导Akt泛素化增加,呈剂量依赖。Akt和PI3K抑制剂预处理,则PD诱导p-Akt减少以及Akt表达增多,表明PD通过诱导Akt磷酸化,进而诱导其泛素化。.我们进一步探索PD与抗肿瘤药物索拉菲尼联用的效果及机制,发现在PTEN阴性前列腺癌细胞中,PD与索拉菲尼联用促进细胞凋亡,并将其阻滞在G0/G1期。过表达PTEN,则联用诱导凋亡的效果下降。抑制FOXO3a表达,其联用的诱导凋亡和阻滞周期的效果下降。恢复FOXO3a表达,则联用效果恢复。表明在PTEN-/-细胞中,联用抑制肿瘤的效果亦经由FOXO3a途径。.本研究主要证明:1). PD可以通过Akt/FOXO3a通路诱导前列腺癌细胞程序坏死且PD通过诱导Akt磷酸化,进而促进泛素化,为PD可能作为抗前列腺癌药物或辅助用药提供新的理论基础;2).在PTEN阴性前列腺癌中,PD通过FOXO3a促进索拉菲尼的抗肿瘤效果,为PD作为精准用药提供新的理论基础。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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