京津冀地区传统村落空间结构特征及优化整合研究

As we know, traditional villages in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have similar regional environment, intimate relations with people, same culture context, and deep historical origins.However, with the rapid development of urbanization in recent years, traditional villages in the region have been faced with dual tough problems: one is thecommon problems like the protective destruction, therural hollowing and the loss of traditional features, and another is the development imbalancecaused by different administrative subordination relationsand different economic development level.Depending on the coordinative development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as one of the important state development strategies, from the perspective ofurban and rural planning, the special research on the coordinative development fortraditional villages of the region has important theoretical and practical significance.Therefore, on the basis of the systematic and comprehensive investigation of existing conditions (history, distribution and features) of traditional villages in the three regions,the project willfocus on not only exploring the major factors affecting their formation and development and summing up types and characteristics of village spatial structure, but also revealingthe internal organization and evolution system of traditional villages and then seek outthe main problems and factorsof influencing or restricting on the coordinative developmentfor the three regions. At the same time, the deeper research in the optimization and integration strategies of spatial structure of traditional villages in the region is to be paid more attention to construct their theoretic framework,and further to put forward the corresponding reasonable measures combining with the typical areas and typical villages as the demo research, by the aid of our rich research achievements over years and successful experience and exemplification at home and aboard.

京津冀地区的传统村落地缘相接、人缘相亲，地域一体、文化一脉，历史渊源深厚；但随着近年来城镇化进程的快速推进，三地传统村落既存在保护性破坏、“空心化”以及传统风貌特色丧失等共同难题，也存在因行政隶属关系、经济发展水平等的不同而带来的发展不平衡问题。在京津冀协同发展成为国家战略的背景下，从城乡规划学的角度研究三地传统村落的协同发展问题，具有重要的理论和现实意义。项目在对京津冀地区传统村落历史、分布、特征等现状情况进行系统全面调研的基础上，探究影响该地区传统村落形成与发展的主要因素，总结传统村落空间结构的类型与特征，揭示其内在的组织及演变规律，找出影响和制约该地区传统村落协同发展的主要问题；依托项目组多年来取得的研究积累，借鉴国内外的成功经验，构建京津冀地区传统村落空间结构优化整合的理论框架，提出相应的对策措施；并选择典型地区和村落进行应用示范。

本项目以实地调查和文史资料解析为信息来源，运用地理信息系统，围绕京津冀地区传统村落的空间形态、空间结构类型开展“宏观-中观-微观”多维度的特征研究，探究影响该地区传统村落形成与发展的主要因素，揭示其内在的组织及演变规律，初步构建了空间优化理论框架，并选取典型地区进行应用研究。项目主要研究内容及成果包括：完成了北京传统村落风貌特征与河北传统村落空间特征的系统性分析，归纳不同地域传统村落的选址特色，解析山地、丘陵、平原水淀地貌等自然因素主导以及古陉驿道、军事防御、产业和庙宇等人文因素主导的村落整体布局形态特征，分别横向比较了北京、河北各地传统村落特征的共性与个性；通过对土地流转政策和乡村空间重构方法的综合梳理，提出了北京地区乡村空间重构策略；从规划学、生态学、地理学、社会学等多学科角度，利用定性与定量相结合的空间分析方法，对河北白洋淀地区村落空间重构的内源力与外源力进行了专题研究与分级评价，分别从功能结构、交通网络、景观风貌等三个空间层面提出了重构策略，建立了连点成轴、以轴带面的区域村落空间网络；通过对河北张家口蔚县、邯郸武安、石家庄井陉等地的实地调研，提出了传统村落区域连片保护的理念，并结合实际案例提出了具体对策。另外，依托上述体系化理论成果，课题组完成了北京市岔道村、河北省大贺庄村等国家传统村落保护发展规划的编制，并通过对实践项目的归纳、评估、总结，实现“研究-实践-研究”的闭环。