肠道菌群及其代谢产物影响刺参生长差异的机理研究

There are significant differences in the growth of individual sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) during cultivation, and some individuals show growth retardation and even growth stagnation. Gut microbiome and metabolite play an important role in the growth of the host, which may be the potential cause of the growth differences. Taking A. japonicus of the same family yet with significant growth differences as the object of this study, microbiological techniques are used to analyze the structure and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome in the growth-differentiated A. japonicus. Based on the metabolomics method, the growth-related differentiated metabolites are screened. In addition, the metabolic pathways of differentiated metabolites will be annotated, and a regulatory network will be constructed for the co-metabolism of gut microbiome and host. A correlation model is built between host’s metabolism and gut microbiome to investigate the influence of gut microbiome on host’s metabolism through its metabolism and co-metabolism with the host, and to explain the correlation between gut microbiome, host’s co-metabolism and growth function. The results will provide a micro-ecological way for yield improvement of aquaculture.

刺参养殖过程中个体生长存在显著性差异，部分个体出现生长迟缓，甚至生长停滞的现象。肠道菌群及其代谢产物在宿主生长发育方面发挥着重要作用，是引起刺参生长差异的潜在因素。本项目立足于肠道微生态理论，选择同家系生长显著差异的幼参为研究对象，采用微生物组测序技术和代谢组分析，解析生长差异刺参肠道菌群结构及功能特征，筛选肠道差异代谢物，注释代谢通路信息，构建肠道菌群与宿主共代谢调控网络，查明肠道菌群如何通过自身代谢及与宿主共代谢影响宿主的代谢状态，鉴定对宿主生长代谢影响显著的功能细菌和代谢产物，阐释肠道菌群-宿主共代谢-生长机能三者间的相关性，探索提高养殖产量的微生态调控途径。

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“肠道菌群及其代谢产物影响刺参生长差异的机理研究”按计划完成全部研究内容。研究以同家系生长显著差异的幼参为研究对象，主要开展（1）生长差异刺参肠道组织切片观察；（2）生长差异刺参肠道菌群结构特征研究；（3）生长差异刺参肠道菌群功能特征研究；（4）生长差异刺参肠道代谢表型分析；（5）生长差异刺参肠道基因转录表达模式分析；（6）生长差异刺参肠道菌群-宿主共代谢-生长机能相关性研究；（7）刺参肠粪菌群移植实验研究。项目从肠道微生态角度，查明了肠道差异菌群Lutibacter、Gramella、Formosa及Lactobacillus通过调控机体IGF1、HK、PK基因的表达，介导PI3K-Akt信号通路、糖代谢及脂代谢通路，进而影响代谢表型，最终导致刺参产生生长性能上的差异。为今后以肠道菌群为靶点，优化肠道菌群结构，提高养殖产量及促进绿色健康养殖提供一定的理论参考。项目共发表第一标注第一/通讯作者学术论文9篇，其中SCI收录3篇；培养硕士研究生2名。项目进展顺利，全面完成研究内容和考核指标。