基于猛禽变体策略的机翼深失速状态调控机理及实验研究

Deep stall plays an important role in morphing flight of large birds of prey. In order to learn the morphing ability of bird of prey for the future morphing aircraft, the regulation mechanism of deep stall of bionic wing will be studied. The motions of bird of prey will be researched, the control strategy of morphing of bionic wing can be established. The geometry shapes of bird wing were obtained by 3D scan. Bones and muscle of bird were studied. The bionic morphing wing can be obtained by learning from the shapes and motions of bone and muscle. Research on the regulation mechanism of deep stall will be studied by CFD method and experimental method. In the research, morphing of leading edge, pit of leading edge and morphing of wing will be considered to reveal the regulation mechanism of deep stall of bionic wing. Developments of this project will lay theoretical foundations for the morphing flight in the future.

对深失速状态的准确控制是猛禽高超飞行本领的关键。为了学习猛禽变体飞行本领为未来变体飞行器研究提供理论基础，本项目开展变体机翼对深失速状态调控策略及其控制机理研究。研究大型猛禽高超变体飞行动作，习得猛禽对深失速状态的控制过程，从而建立仿生机翼的变体策略。基于猛禽外形进行仿生机翼外形设计；基于猛禽骨骼、肌肉系统进行仿生机翼变体系统设计，从而建立仿生机翼的变体模型。综合采用CFD计算方法和实验方法开展仿生机翼的前缘变体机构、前缘凹坑和机翼主体对深失速的调控研究，揭示变体机翼对深失速状态的调控机理。本项目的开展将为未来具有像猛禽一样优秀飞行本领的变体飞行器设计提供理论基础和技术支撑。

本项目开展了猛禽变体对深失速状态调控策略及其控制机理研究。以金雕、白尾海雕、林雕等大型猛禽为对象研究了深失速飞行过程中高超变体飞行动作，在此基础上发展了基于飞行视频的变体动作研究方法，习得了猛禽典型栖息过程中对深失速状态的控制策略。三维扫描了金雕标本，获得了翅膀点云，采用翼型理论对仿生机翼的翼型中弧线、厚度分布、翅膀轮廓和扭角分布等主要几何特征进行提取，开展了仿生机翼外形设计；基于猛禽骨骼、肌肉系统进行仿生机翼变体系统设计，建立了仿生机翼的变体模型设计方法。研制了羽毛柔度矩阵、泄漏率检测平台，测量了猛禽飞羽的力学特性和泄漏率特性，基于实验数据调整了CFD模型参数。进而综合采用数值模拟和实验方法开展了仿生机翼的变体对深失速的调控研究，获得了翼型快速上仰过程中的非定常涡快速转变机制，揭示变体机翼对深失速状态的调控机理。本项目的开展将为未来具有像猛禽一样优秀飞行本领的变体机翼设计提供理论基础和技术支撑。