秦岭北麓环境敏感区生态风险评价及空间管控方法研究

The Qinling mountains north foothill is the environmental sensitive area，it plays a important role in protecting the ecological environment of Qinling Mountains and maintaining regional ecological security. However, the north slope of Qinling Mountains is currently faced with the multiple ecological hazards, such as environmental pollution, human activities and natural disasters, which will cause destructive effects to its highly sensitive and fragile ecological system at any time. Further analysis shows that, ecological damage at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains has the characteristics of uncertainty, the key to solve the questions is based on the evaluation of regional ecological risk on all kinds of ecological space effectively control. In this study, the method and model of regional ecological risk assessment are introduced to North Qinling Mountains, on the basis of landscape ecological survey, through the regional risk receptor and risk source description, exposure and hazard characterization analysis, comprehensive assessment of ecological risks are the result of risk assessment. On this basis, it will led to landscape pattern optimization, and then separating the ecological space and the building space, effectively controls on all kinds of ecological space, figure ground relationship eventually balance ecological protection and social development from space. This study attempts to use space method to control the ecological risk and balance the relationship between the usages and protection, this has important realistic significance not only to the sustainable development of the North Qinling Mountains , but also for the development of theory and method of landscape ecological planning.

秦岭北麓是环境敏感区域，在保护秦岭生态环境、维护区域生态安全方面占有举足轻重的地位。但是，秦岭北麓目前面临着环境污染、人为活动和自然灾害等多重生态危害，随时可能对其高度敏感、极其脆弱的生态系统产生破坏性作用。深入分析表明，秦岭北麓生态破坏具有不确定性的特点，解决问题的关键是在区域生态风险评价的基础上对各类生态空间进行有效管控。本研究将区域生态风险评价方法与模型引入秦岭北麓，在秦岭北麓景观生态调查的基础上，开展区域风险受体与风险源描述、暴露与危害表征分析、生态风险综合评价，并在此基础上优化秦岭北麓景观格局，进而分离出生态空间与建设空间，对各类生态空间进行有效管控，最终从空间上平衡好生态保护与社会发展的“图底关系”。本研究试图通过空间管控途径来处置生态风险和平衡保护利用关系，不但对秦岭北麓的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义，而且对于拓展景观生态规划的理论与方法具有探索意义。

秦岭北麓在保护、维护区域生态安全方面占有举足轻重的地位，但其面临着各种不确定性人为活动和自然灾害的威胁。解决问题的关键是：在区域生态风险评价的基础上对各类生态空间进行有效管控，建立适宜秦岭北麓山地环境特征的区域生态风险评价框架，并最终落实在生态空间管制层面，以期有效缓解秦岭北麓各种生态问题。.研究总体工作内容：第一，构建了适合秦岭北麓峪口型地域的生态风险评价体系，确定以危险性表征风险源，以脆弱度和生态价值表征生态环境，通过危险性、脆弱度和生态价值计算生态风险级别，并绘制成图；第二，选定典型性、代表性生态敏感区域，围绕太平峪峪口型地域分析区域多种生态风险源，确定洪涝灾害风险、地质灾害风险和人工建设对生物栖息地造成的风险为主要风险类型，并对这3种生态风险进行评价并叠加得到综合评价图，提出相应的空间策略及整体的规划导控；第三，通过专家打分法得到3种主要生态风险的权重，分别是洪涝灾害0.540、地质灾害0.163和人工建设0.297，对3种生态风险评价图进行权重叠加获得综合生态风险评价图，得出结论：高风险区、较高风险区主要分布在峪口河道两侧、秦岭山脚线附近以及山前洪积扇扇缘区域，河流特征对于峪口型地域生态风险的分布有着显著影响；最终，基于此认识对秦岭北麓的广大峪口区域开展了空间管控研究。.研究主要进展方面：①辨识秦岭北麓生态环境特征，确定其生态敏感区域为峪口型地域；②结合区域生态风险评价机制，建立针对秦岭北麓峪口型地域的生态风险评价框架；③分析峪口型地域的主要生态风险及产生机制，构建指标体系，进行评价并分析其不确定性；④基于评价结果，为秦岭北麓不同管控分区提出相应的空间策略，结合景观生态学原理提出规划导控要点。.研究学术创新意义：将区域生态风险评价引入景观生态规划中，能够深化对于规划对象前期分析诊断的方法，也能够拓展生态空间管控的途径，丰富了景观生态规划的基本途径与方法。