多因素共同作用下黄河（内蒙段）河道演变特性及规律研究

The balance of river channel erosion and depositionlargely deponds on the condition of water and sediment.In recent years,however,this balance of the Yellow River has been broken which result in intensive amount of aggradation and river bed continuously raising so that some parts of the Yellow River (section in Inner Mongolia) have been "upground river" due to the climate change and human activities.This condition is endangering lives and properties of the people in surrounding areas so far.By selecting and observing the typical fault age,the aim of this project which based on collection and analysis of the various data ,including geology,hydrology, atmosphere, river channel and ice condition is to research the Yellow River(section in Inner Mongolia )channel's evolution and variation trend , calculate the influence of bank failure and different sources include water flow and sand wind to the condition of water and sediment and ,furthermore,to analysis the siltation-erosion variation in different conditions.In doing so ,we can not only deduce the calculation mode about the ability of river water flow to transfer sand under ice cover but also analyse the effect of river ice on the channel evolution . In terms of all factors，searching for river revolution mechanisms and rules of the Yellow River(section in Inner Mongolia)，and forcasting it's evolution trend in the future can provide technicial support for flood prevention,ice prevention,river regulating,water pollution control and other scientific researches of the Yellow River(section in Inner Mongolia).

河道的冲淤平衡主要取决于来水来沙条件。但是近年来，受气候变化及人类活动的影响，黄河的冲淤平衡已被打破，致使黄河河道淤积严重，河床抬升加速，黄河（内蒙段）部分地区已经形成"地上悬河"，危及到了周边地区人民群众生命和财产安全。本项目在搜集分析黄河（内蒙段）近30年的地质、水文、气象、河道、冰情等数据的基础上，通过对典型断面的选取和观测，研究黄河（内蒙段）河道演变过程及变化趋势，计算不同沙源包括水沙、风沙及冻融过程中河岸坍塌对河道来水来沙的影响，分析不同来水来沙条件下河道的冲淤变化，推求冰盖下水流输沙能力的计算模式，分析河冰对河道演变的影响。综合各种因素，探求黄河（内蒙段）河道演变机理及规律，预测未来黄河河道的演变趋势，为黄河（内蒙段）的防汛、防凌、河道整治、水污染控制及其它科学研究提供技术支持。

黄河内蒙古段地处高纬度地区，近几十年来以来，随着上游水库联合调度运用、上游来水来沙变化、黄河内蒙段气候变化，致使黄河内蒙段水沙在时空上发生变化，引起河道冲淤交替，河道演变明显，探求黄河（内蒙段）河道演变机理及规律，预测未来黄河河道的演变趋势显得尤为关键。本研究通过收集、分析黄河内蒙段实测资料，分析黄河内蒙段冲淤情况，影响因素。选取重点河段进行测试和取样，分析畅流期、冰封期的流速、流量、含沙量等因素对河道冲淤的影响，并对含沙量影响因素进行相关分析。利用3S技术结合实测资料分析黄河内蒙段河道演变，有效地解决测试耗时耗力、受气候影响限制的缺点。同时运用MIKE软件相关模块，对水位、流量进行模拟并与实测资料进行比较，该模型较为准确的模拟和分析黄河呼和浩特段水位和流量等水动力条件，今后考虑应用到黄河内蒙古段全段。本研究为黄河防汛、防凌、河道整治、水污染控制及其它科学研究提供技术支持，研究成果也可为类似地区相关领域应用提供参考。