基于MOFs中构筑单元的定向解构设计合成纳米炭材料及其性能研究

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention; however, there are still lack of understanding of the decomposition mechanism of MOFs during thermal treatment for the design and synthesis of MOF-derived nanomaterials. The purpose of this project is to reveal the relationship between the breaking of the bonds in crystal structures at different levels of MOFs and the evolution of the structures and compositions of the precursors during pyrolysis, and the research subjects are the MOFs those have mixed ligands or supermolecular interactions in their crystal structures. On this foundation, the effects of carbonization conditions, including temperature, soaking time, heating rate and atmosphere, on the configurations and compositions of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials and their composites will be investigated. In addition, the electrochemical energy storage performance of the MOFs-derived carbon nanomaterials and their composites will be studied. This work is expected to broad the horizons for the design and preparation of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials.

以金属有机骨架（MOFs）材料为前驱体制备纳米炭材料是近年来的研究热点。如何深入有效地利用MOFs的固有形貌结构特征，拓展精准设计合成纳米炭结构的新思路，则是当前本领域所面临的挑战之一。本课题拟分别以混合配体型MOFs和晶体结构中含有超分子作用力的MOFs为研究对象，从考察MOFs的热解成炭机理入手，研究MOFs各级结构的化学键的热稳定性差异，揭示化学键的断裂与MOFs材料在成炭过程中结构演化的相关规律。在此基础上，考察炭化工艺参数对产物形态、结构和组成的影响，通过调控温度场等实现相应化学键的选择性反应和MOFs中各级构筑单元的定向解构，进而针对性地控制前驱体结构演化过程中各类形貌结构的形成和保持，最终合成结构新颖且可控的纳米炭材料，并进一步研究所合成的纳米炭材料在电化学储能方面的应用性能。

以金属有机骨架（Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs）材料为前驱体制备纳米炭材料是近年来的研究热点。针对当前尚未能有效地利用MOFs的固有形貌结构特征，实现纳米炭结构精准设计合成这一现状，本课题分别以各种不同构型的MOFs为研究对象，从考察MOFs的热解成炭机理入手，充分地从力学和动力学两个角度进行了研究，分析MOFs各级结构的化学键的热稳定性差异，揭示化学键的断裂与MOFs材料在成炭过程中结构演化的相关规律。在此基础上，考察炭化工艺参数对产物形态、结构和组成的影响，通过调控升温程序等工艺实现相应化学键的选择性反应和MOFs中各级构筑单元的定向解构，进而针对性地控制前驱体结构演化过程中各类形貌结构的形成和保持，最终实现可控合成结构新颖且可控的纳米炭材料，并进一步研究所合成的纳米炭材料在电化学和光热转化方面的应用性能。