基于系统视角的建筑废弃物管理成本补偿模型研究

As one of the major fixed asset formation sectors and corner-stone industries in the national economic system of China, the building sector is undergoing rapid development. Along with this,a lot of new construction and demolition and relocation projects produce huge quantities of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste); thus, on one hand, natural resources are not used intensively, on the other hand, the waste pollutes the ecological environment.In China, the present handling methods are still those traditional ones, dump landfill or open-air stacking. Since the C&D waste management is not serious enough, there appears to be many poblems, such as unreliable C&D waste management system , insufficient fund input, the lack of policy support and guide, and so on.Many countries have put construction wastes reuse into the national focus and support policies range, and give certain preferential policies in terms of the corresponding scientific research, waste discharge reduction, fees charge, and economic compensation and so on.However, C&D waste disposal charge in China is too low and lack economic incentives. This is hard to arouse the enthusiasm in developers for circulation and utilization of C&D waste. Thus, the recycling utilization rate of C&D waste is low.Therefore, the study aim to put forward the problems of C&D waste management mentioned above, especially the problems of economic policies. Drawing on the experience of developed countries,first,this study have take the Pearl River Delta Region as a case, estimated the waste production in the process of new construction and demolition projects ,analyzed its waste management costs; Secondly,this study have established a Cost-benefit Analysis model of C&D waste managemen based on Dynamic Game Model and the WTP (Willingness - To - Pay),and made system simulation for the model; Finally,this study have proposed a Cost Compensation Mechanism on C&D waste management, which is an innovative idea including the guiding ideology, the elements of design, process design and safeguard link such as funding, laws, organizations.Thesis research results which further perfect C&D waste management theory have certain innovative contributions. It not only provides the theory basis for economic compensation related law, policy on C&D waste management which is formulated by the Chinese government, but also promote the professional construction waste disposal and waste treatment and other emerging industry development and the formation of the industrial chain. What's more, realize the sustainable development of strategic objectives for the construction industry.

我国建筑废弃物管理过程中普遍存在废弃物填埋收费标准过低，管理成本偏高；缺乏有效激励措施，难以激发循环利用积极性等诸多问题。发达国家已将建筑废弃物资源化再利用定为国家重点支持的政策内容之一，并在相应的科学研究、减量化排放、费用收取、经济补偿等方面予以一定的优惠政策。因此，本课题借鉴其经验，基于系统视角对我国建筑废弃物管理成本问题进行研究。首先，以珠三角地区为例，估算新建、拆除项目废弃物产量，分析废弃物不同管理方式的成本；其次，基于WTP（支付意愿法)及动态博弈理论，建立建筑废弃物管理成本补偿系统动力学模型，并对补偿模型进行仿真模拟；最后提出构建我国建筑废弃物管理成本补偿机制的新思路。本课题研究将进一步完善我国建筑废弃物管理理论，为政府制定建筑废弃物管理经济补偿相关法律、政策提供理论依据。

我国建筑废弃物管理过程中普遍存在废弃物填埋收费标准过低，管理成本偏高；缺乏有效激励措施，难以激发循环利用积极性等诸多问题。本课题基于系统视角对我国建筑废弃物管理成本补偿问题进行研究。首先，基于工程量清单建立了建筑废弃物清单，提出了新建和拆除住宅项目施工建筑废弃物产量的计算方法，估算新建、拆除项目废弃物产量。其次，从建筑废弃物管理过程中项目管理者、建筑工人的减量化行为意识入手，探究如何达到建筑废弃物减量化的目标。以珠三角地区建筑工人为例，基于计划行为理论，对建筑工人的建筑废弃物减量化意愿影响因素进行分析；对中美两国项目管理者的建筑废弃物减量化行为意识进行对比研究，探讨影响两国废弃物减量化行为意识的差异。同时，探究了建筑废弃物资源化循环利用厂选址优化问题。构建了基于ELECTRE Ⅲ、ANP、遗传算法三种选址优化模型。并以广州市番禺区、南沙区为例进行实证研究。再次，结合建筑废弃物产量测算、运输成本以及处理站选址优化分析，提出了非法倾倒、简易填埋、综合处置、现场资源化四种典型建筑废弃物处理路线成本计算公式。在此基础上构建了一个建筑废弃物处理的成本补偿模型，计算出政府对承包方处置成本的补偿金额。同时，构建了政府、开发商、承包商为主体的建筑废弃物处理成本补偿演化博弈模型，并对模型进行系统动力学仿真模拟，针对演化博弈局部均衡点进行稳定性判定。最后，提出相关建议和对策。借鉴日本传票制度的先进经验推进建筑废弃物综合利用；论证PPP模式应用于建筑废弃物资源化产业的必要性与可行性。构建了建筑废弃物管理成本补偿机制，重点设计了成本补偿流程，提出了成本补偿机制的资金保障、法律保障和组织保障措施。. 项目成果为政府制定建筑废弃物管理经济激励政策提供论依据，有利于提高我国建筑废弃物减量化行为意识，提高建筑废弃物减量化管理水平，完善建筑废弃物资源化产业链。