双球雅努斯（Janus）颗粒的结构调控及其对共混聚合物增容作用的研究

Polymer blending is an important approach for fabricating novel high-performance materials. Interfacial compatibility in polymer composites is the key factor for determining their morphology, structure and properties. The anisotropic Janus particles are a type of solid particle compatibilizer. They can eliminate interfacial shear bands and crazing resulting from stress concentration, and prevent the formation of destructive cracks. The asymmetrical Janus particles can also play a role of constraint and nail anchor on the crack front. In this project, the double-ball like Janus particles synthesized in batch will be modified and their fine structure will be regulated. Then, the Janus particles with varied balance parameter will be used as compatibilizer in polymer blends. The Janus compatibilizer may possess excellent compatibilization efficiency and function because the highly asymmetric shape of double-ball contributes to the orientation and anchoring of Janus particles at the interface of polymer blends. For this purpose, the effects of the structure of Janus particles and the processing parameters of polymer blending on the interfacial structure, and on the properties of polymer blends will by studied systematically. The relationship between the structure and balance parameter of Janus particles and the properties of polymer composite materials will be elucidated. Thus, the linkage between the Janus compatibilizer and the performance requirements of polymer blends will be established. This project will promote the development of the synthesis and application of Janus materials and the explication of the relevant physico-chemical problems. This study will resolve the bottleneck of Janus particles from basic research to practical application. It will also offer some academic and experimental proofs for extensive applications of Janus compatibilizer.

聚合物共混是制备新型高性能材料的重要途径，界面相容性决定着共混物的形态结构和性能。各向异性雅努斯（Janus）颗粒作为固体增容剂能消弥应力集中造成的界面层剪切带和银纹引起的裂纹，对裂纹前沿的发展起约束限制作用和钉锚作用。本项目拟对批量制备的双球Janus颗粒进行表面改性和结构调控，并将其应用于增容共混聚合物，实现Janus颗粒在聚合物共混体系两相界面定位聚集，高效增容和功能性；系统研究Janus颗粒精细结构和聚合物共混改性变量对增容效果及其界面行为的影响，以及功能化Janus颗粒对聚合物共混物功能性的影响。构建Janus结构和平衡性参数与聚合物复合材料性能的科学关联，为Janus颗粒增容和共混聚合物性能需求架构桥梁。开展这项研究将促进Janus材料的合成应用及其相关物理化学问题的解决，突破Janus材料从基础研究到实际应用的瓶颈，为其广泛用作相容剂提供科学依据。

各向异性的雅努斯（Janus）材料具有丰富的界面行为，批量制备并应用于增容共混聚合物是实现其实际应用的重要途径。调控了两侧的化学反应活性和极性，构筑Janus平衡性参数不同的颗粒，用于热塑性树脂、热固性树脂、医用高分子等有机-有机体系和涂料、橡胶等无机-有机体系的增容。重点考察了Janus颗粒与共混物两相的作用力、在聚合物中的迁移、界面铆定、抑制分散相聚集、影响共混物相行为和宏观力学性能的影响。探讨了Janus颗粒对聚合物复合体系传热和发泡的影响。发展了Janus颗粒、Janus海绵和Janus凝胶的合成制备方法，拓展其在医学和传感方面的应用。得到如下结果：.（1）各向异性的Janus材料具有均相固体颗粒无可比拟的增容效果，其两侧分别与聚合物两相形成化学键，增强界面粘结，并随着键合位点的增加而增强。粒径较小、片状Janus颗粒因比表面积较大具有更好的增容作用，Janus片（0.05%，片厚约6nm）优于小颗粒（1.5%，长轴约250nm），优于大颗粒（3%，长轴约600nm）。.（2）Janus颗粒具有细化分散相、促进纤维化、抑制纤维相凝聚的作用，有利于形成双连续结构，构筑更多的共混物界面作为功能材料的框架或诱导形成泡孔均匀、密度较高的发泡材料；聚合物加工过程它逐渐向两相界面迁移，定向排布于界面处，起铆钉作用，并能吸收外力冲击，兼具增强增韧作用。PPDO/PLA复合材料中添加0.05份Janus片，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了16.65%和217%。.（3）Janus材料不同化学组成具有严格的分区，可以互不干扰地发挥各自的功能，表现出更加优异的功能性。如橡胶的增容增塑剂、高效止血抗菌敷料、油水响应凝胶等。.构建的Janus颗粒增容共混聚合物的选用原则及其比表面积对增容作用的影响可为其用作相容剂提供理论和科学实验依据，推动Janus材料批量制备、表面改性、功能调控和工业应用的发展。