知识产权保护与国内商品流通渠道的绩效：理论、经验与政策仿真

As a developing country in transition, China's domestic distribution channels are composed of prosperous commodity exchange markets and fewer retail chain stores, which is quite different from the developed economies. Meanwhile, the issue of counterfeit selling and inefficient commodity circulation of domestic markets has already become a major obstacle for manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, it is important to probe into this issue, analyze the inherent mechanism and put forward policy proposals. Along the logic of ‘intellectual property rights (IPR) --- heterogeneous firms --- productivity sorting --- market performance’, this project first constructs a two-region general equilibrium model based on Melitz (2003)’s heterogeneous firms framework, and explore the sorting problem with tradeoffs between extensive margin and intensive margin from the perspective of IPR protection. Then, with provincial and inter-city panel data on retail sector and firm-level data on manufacturing industry, empirical analysis testifies the causal relations between the strength of IPR protection and the firms’ decision on distribution channels selection. And finally, after introducing the strength of IPR protection into the firm’s entry cost function, this project evaluate the optimal intensity and determinants of IPR protection through policy simulation, which provides the basis for the government's future industrial policy.

作为处于转型期的发展中大国，中国国内商品流通渠道呈现出“商品交易市场发达而连锁零售商业滞后”这一不同于西方发达市场经济国家的独特现象。同时，假冒伪劣盛行且流通效率过低已成为制约中国制造业企业发展的重要障碍。因此，探明上述现象背后的根源及其内在作用机制，并提出相关治理对策已迫在眉睫。本项目拟沿着“知识产权保护—异质性企业—销售渠道分选—市场绩效”思路，首先在Melitz（2003）异质性企业框架内构建两地区一般均衡模型，从知识产权视角围绕广延边际和集约边际的权衡探讨不同生产率企业销售渠道的“分选”问题；其次，利用中国省际和城际零售业面板数据和工业企业微观数据库，定量分析知识产权保护强度对企业销售渠道选择及其市场绩效的影响程度；最后，通过引入知识产权保护强度与企业进入门槛的函数关系内生化进入成本，进而通过政策仿真来模拟并评估最优的知识产权保护强度及其决定因素，为政府的产业政策制定提供依据。

针对我国经济转型期出现的“商品交易市场发达而连锁零售商业滞后”的独特现象，本项目以空间一般均衡模型为基础，探明知识产权保护的广延边际和集约边际的权衡及其对商品流通渠道发展与经济绩效的影响机制；实证分析中国商业流通企业的空间分布模式及其成因，并建立理论模型揭示其内在运作机理；探明中国加入WTO以后内外资连锁零售企业在中国的扩张模式、形成原因与作用机理。此外，本项目还通过模型校对相关产业规制政策的社会福利损失进行反事实评估。总之，本项目既有处于国际学术前沿的理论模型分析，又有基于中国商品流通市场与企业实践的实证研究与政策评估，为政府完善国内商品流通渠道及促进企业发展提供了新的理论洞见、微观证据与政策启示。