内蒙古全舍饲养殖新模式下绵羊消化道线虫病的流行规律研究

The lack of measurements and rules for treating the parasitic diseases of sheep has become a distinct problem for the modern sheep husbandry for meat in Inner Mongolia. Under this background, our research project is aimed at discovering the pathogenic features and development of the nematode diseases in the alimentary canal of sheep under the large-scale fully-housed sheep raising condition, and finding an effective method for the treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases. Our research includes: investigating the species and the biological features of the pathogens of the nematode diseases in the alimentary canal of sheep under fully-housed raising condition, studying the mechanisms of the diseases and the possible factors that cause them, and making related rules of sheep flock management and diseases prevention. The key problem to be solved in this project is how to determine the mechanisms of parasitic infection and spread of the diseases under the fully-housed sheep raising condition, so as to provide a parasitological basis for developing a new set of prophylactic procedures. The outcomes of this project will be a theoretical support for constructing a complete disease control and prevention system for a large-scaled fully-housed sheep raising, and a practical support for a healthy and sustainable development of the new environmentally-friendly agriculture and animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. The outcomes can also be applied in the regions of other provinces that are adjacent to the experiment field of this project, helping to control and prevent the nematode diseases in the alimentary canal of sheep under similar raising conditions.

项目针对内蒙古肉羊养殖新模式下寄生虫病防治措施和规程缺失的现状，研究规模化全舍饲条件下绵羊消化道线虫病的病原特点和发病规律，制定针对新模式的有效防治措施。项目的研究内容包括：研究全舍饲条件下绵羊消化道线虫病的病原种类及生物特性、调查发病规律及影响因素、制定与该病相关的饲养管理及防治模式。项目拟解决的关键问题是查清舍饲养殖模式下绵羊消化道线虫病的流行规律，为制定新的防制措施提供依据。项目成果在理论上将充实完善全舍饲规模化肉羊养殖新模式下的疫病防治体系，在生产中将支持内蒙古新兴生态农牧业的健康和持续发展。此外，本项目成果还可以推广应用到与实验区接壤的其它省区，指导相同生产模式下绵羊消化道线虫病的防治工作。

项目针对内蒙古肉羊舍饲养殖新模式下寄生虫病防治措施缺失的现状，研究舍饲绵羊消化道线虫病的病原特点和发病规律，为制定有效防治措施提供科学依据。主要研究内容包括：全舍饲条件下绵羊消化道线虫病的病原种类及流行规律、幼虫生物学特性及影响因素、最佳防治时机。. 研究结果表明：能够在圈舍环境中存活并感染绵羊的三种圈舍消化道线虫是捻转血矛线虫（Haemonchus contortus）、蛇形毛圆线虫（Trichostrongylus colubriformis）、奥拉齐细颈线虫（Nematodirus oiratianus）。羔羊捻转血矛线虫和蛇形毛圆线虫在每年9月份形成一个排卵高峰，感染时间为6月份至10月份；奥拉齐细颈线虫在每年5月份、10月份形成两个排卵高峰，感染时间为4月份至10月份。成年羊捻转血矛线虫和蛇形毛圆线虫在每年7月份至8月份达到排卵高峰，8月份至9月份为感染时间；奥拉齐细颈线虫在6月份和10月份呈现两个排卵高峰，8月份至9月份为感染时间。8种消化道线虫在圈舍环境下一年后减少为5种，两年后减少至3种；36只实验羊捻转血矛线虫虫卵排出量由进圈时的平均克粪卵数最高22000、分别降至一年后的平均克粪卵数最高1100和两年后的平均克粪卵数最高7600。消化道线虫虫卵在每年3月份至4月份可以发育、但不能发育为幼虫，5月份可以检测到感染性前期幼虫，6月份至10月份大量检测到感染性前期幼虫和感染性幼虫。舍饲绵羊消化道线虫每年两次驱虫，成年羊首次驱虫时间为3月中旬至4月中旬，第二次驱虫时间为9月下旬至10月中旬；自繁育成羊每年驱虫一次，时间为9月下旬至10月中旬；6月龄以内的羔羊不做驱虫；冬羔首次驱虫时间为7月份，第二次驱虫时间为10月下旬至11月份。. 项目成果填补了内蒙古西部地区舍饲绵羊消化道线虫病寄生虫种、流行规律、防治措施的研究空白，健全完善了我国北方绵羊消化道线虫病的防控体系，对于内蒙古生舍饲肉羊养殖新模式的健康持续发展具有重要意义。