电子商务虚拟集群创业传导机制研究：基于复杂网络视角

The cultivation and development of e-commerce virtual cluster is an important way to achieve the transformation and upgrading of China's economy. .Distinguished from the studies of the entrepreneurship and its transmission in traditional cluster that based on geographic and industrial ties, exploring the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship transmission mechanism of e-commerce virtual cluster with loose, dynamic complex network relationships and structures produced by the internet platform has become an urgent scientific problem to be solved. .Based on complex networks theory’s view, this study will combine the actor network theory (ANT) analysis and innovation diffusion theory via methods of normative case study (restoring the theory to reality), structural equation model (SEM)(SPSS and AMOS) and multi-agent simulation (MATLAB), to deeply and systematically study on the three core issues of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship transmission and policy. First, it studies the entrepreneurial behavior of the new entrants to virtual cluster，and the influence of network embeddedness to entrepreneurial behavior of the internal enterprises in cluster with the intermediate variables of internet entrepreneurial ability. Second, it explores the transmission and diffusion mechanism of internet entrepreneurial behavior on the virtual cluster network, in other words conducts the exploration and verification on the process and effect of entrepreneurship transmission. Third, it proposes the cultivation and development policy of e-commerce virtual cluster based on internet from the following three aspects: virtual cluster new members’ entrepreneurship promotion, entrepreneurship transmission motivation, and enabling entrepreneurship environment construction.

培育和发展电子商务虚拟集群是我国实现经济转型升级的一条重要途径。有别于以地理、产业为纽带的传统集群的创业及其传导研究，探究基于互联网平台形成的具有松散、动态的多重网络关系与结构的电子商务虚拟集群的创业及其传导机理就成为亟待解决的科学问题。基于复杂网络视角，本研究将综合运用行动者网络(ANT)和创新扩散等理论，借助规范的案例研究(将理论还原到现实)、结构方程模型(SPSS和AMOS)和多主体仿真(MATLAB)等方法，围绕创业、创业传导和政策三个核心问题进行深入系统的研究。①虚拟集群新加入者的创业行为及以互联网创业能力为中间变量的网络嵌入性对集群内部企业创业行为影响的研究。②互联网创业行为在虚拟集群网络上的传播与扩散机制研究，即创业传导过程及效果的探索性和验证性研究。③基于互联网的电子商务虚拟集群的培育和发展政策研究，包括激励虚拟集群新成员创业和集群内创业传导，营造独特的创业环境等三方面。

电子商务虚拟集群依靠电子商务网络拓展了传统单一产业集群本地化能力的区域边界，减少了集群经济对有限制的地理位置的依赖性，在一定程度上克服锁定效应和路径依赖问题，从而实现更广泛层面的创新经济，形成新的竞争优势。具有跨越“地理”和“产业”边界特征的电子商务虚拟集群的企业创业行为，其创业网络与创业行为传导网络并不必然一致。虚拟集群中非核心企业发生创业行为的可能性增加，而创业行为的传导也不再必然是集群内核心企业向非核心企业的单向传导。因此，基于复杂网络视角，课题综合运用了行动者网络和创新扩散等理论，借助规范的案例研究、结构方程模型和多主体仿真等方法，剖析虚拟集群新加入者的创业行为及以电子商务创业能力为中间变量的网络嵌入性对集群内部企业创业行为的影响，进一步探索和验证了电子商务创业行为在虚拟集群网络上的传导过程及效果，并从激励虚拟集群新成员创业、集群内创业传导和营造独特的创业环境等方面提出发展建议，为实现集群转型升级，促进区域经济的持续发展提供理论支撑。