氮桥连富氮高能化合物的设计与合成

Developing highly energetic compounds has long been the frontier issue for High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) applicable in aerospace and weapon. Recently, the energetic explosophore has been developed from nitro species to nitrogen-rich ones. Design and synthesis of poly-heterocyclic nitro-rich compounds has been the research focuses, however, the connecting method for nitro-rich compounds are seldom researched except for constructing C-C bridging bond. This project will be implemented on the basis of modification of traditional C-C bridging of heterocycle- heterocycle to design and synthesis novel heterocycle-N-heterocycle type HEDMs. .Hopefully, the substitution of the C-C bridging between heterocyles with C-N-C will lead to energetic materials with higher energy. Furthermore, this method will be applied in the preparation of energetic materials to obtain a kind of new high energy nitrogen-rich compounds.

发展高能化合物始终是航天与兵器用高能量密度物质（HEDM）研究的前沿问题，近年来含能官能团已从硝基类发展到富氮化合物类，设计合成新的多环富氮化合物已经成为研究热点，但这些化合物中富氮环桥连方法除不含能的碳碳键外研究较少，因此本项目拟从传统的杂环-杂环的碳碳桥改性出发，设计合成一类杂环-N-杂环类的新型HEDM，期望通过氮桥（C-N-C）对碳桥（C-C）的替代实现化合物的能量提升并以该方法获得一类新型高能富氮化合物。

发展高能化合物始终是航天与兵器用高能量密度物质研究的前沿问题，近年来含能基团已从硝基类发展到富氮化合物类，设计合成新的多环高氮化合物已经成为含能材料领域的研究热点，但这些化合物中构建氮桥连的富氮环侨联方法较少，因此，本项目集中于发展氮侨连的高氮化合物。合成了两类氮侨连富氮含能化合物并研究了它们的性能：1）采用烷基来对硝胺呋咱进行连接，获得了感度较低的一类氮侨连杂环含能化合物；2）以四硝基丙烷钾盐作为关环试剂，与芳(杂环)胺类化合物在温和条件下高效构建了具有全新结构的N-芳(杂环)-3,5-二硝基吡唑，而且该类化合物表现出高热稳定性和低感度的特点。本研究的成果有望应用于高能低感含能化合物的开发。