Recent studies disclosed that the special characteristics of the lung regional immune system enable efficient defense against pathogen infections or other relevant diseases in lung that associated with large volume air exchanges. Tissue resident memory (TRM) T cells, which specially formed after local infection, can reside in lung for a long time and play a crucial role in in situ protection against the otherwise pathogen challenges. While most knowledge about lung TRM cells come from ordinary mouse experiment, which could not accurately represent the situation occurred in human beings. The existence of human lung TRM cells have been proven based on clinical human specimen analysis, however, there is few reports referring the production,migration, distribution and function of human lung TRM cells, which is mainly due to the lack of proper animal models to directly study human lung regional immune responses. In this project, we propose to develop a lung-immune system dually humanized mouse model based on our immune system humanized mice and lung humanized mice, and comprehensively study the phenotype, gene expression, resident niches, specialized function and forming mechanism of human lung TRM cells through influenza infection assays, in vivo antibody labelling assays, homing assays, parabiosis assays and so on. The accomplishment of it will virtually contribute to deep understanding of the feature of human regional immune system in lung and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic regimens for treating various infections in lung.
近年的研究表明肺脏区域免疫系统具有独特特征,它能够有效抵御由于大量外界空气交换导致的肺脏感染等相关疾病。肺部感染可诱导病原体特异的记忆性T细胞的产生,部分细胞长期定居于肺组织中,被称为肺组织定居记忆性T细胞(TRM)。该细胞对预防相同感染源的再次侵袭起着至关重要的作用。当前人们对TRM细胞的了解主要基于小鼠实验,无法准确反应人体情况。人肺TRM细胞的存在已通过对临床样本分析所证明,但其在感染后的产生、迁移、分布和功能等尚乏研究。这主要是由于缺少具有人肺脏区域免疫系统的活体动物模型所致。本项目拟通过结合已建立的肺脏人源化小鼠和免疫系统人源化小鼠首次构建肺-免疫系统双人源化小鼠模型,利用流感病毒感染实验、活体荧光抗体标记实验、归巢实验、联体共生实验等,系统研究人肺TRM的表型、基因、分布和功能特征,揭示其形成机制,为深入理解人肺脏区域免疫系统的特点及应对人肺感染性疾病提供新思路。
近年研究表明肺脏区域免疫系统具有独特特征,它能够有效抵御由于大量外界空气交换导致的肺脏感染等相关疾病。其中,肺部组织定居记忆性T细胞(TRM)对预防相同感染源的再次侵袭起着至关重要的作用。当前人们对TRM细胞的了解主要基于小鼠实验或有限的临床样本分析,缺少对肺内人TRM的动态变化的准确反应研究。本项目通过构建“肺-免疫”双系统人源化小鼠模型(HISL小鼠模型),系统研究呼吸系统病毒感染后人肺内人免疫反应特征,为深入理解人肺脏区域免疫系统的特点及应对人肺感染性疾病提供新思路。具体的,我们通过给NSG小鼠肾被膜下移植胚胎胸腺、尾静脉注射胎肝来源的造血干细胞、皮下移植同源胚胎肺脏组织,建立HISL小鼠模型。该小鼠具有高水平人免疫系统重建,并且人肺移植物具有正常成人肺脏微结构(如肺泡、气管等)。当给人肺移植物注射H1N1流感病毒后,可以在人肺组织内检测到系列病毒感染相关人免疫反应,如:早期CD69+CD103- CD4 TRM和CD69+CD103+CD8TRM显著升高;而晚期CD69+CD103+ CD4TRM和CD69+CD103+CD8TRM都显著升高;肺内H1N1特异性CD8+T细胞显著扩增;CD11c+HLA-DR+树突状细胞增加;肺内发生病毒感染相关基因变化;血清检测病毒特异性人IgM和IgG抗体。并且,我们的研究发现提前肺内感染H1N1病毒的人源化小鼠可产生强大的抗病毒人免疫力,保护小鼠免予后续致死剂量病毒滴鼻感染。在此基础上,我们还证明HISL小鼠可高效被新型冠状病毒感染,出现类似临床症状。综上,本研究所建立的HISL模型为研究人呼吸道病毒感染的肺内区域免疫反应提供了有力的工具,并揭示人肺TRM的免疫反应规律,为人呼吸系统病毒感染的机制研究及抗病毒疗法的研发提供新思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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