全球宜居城市发展特征及评价的指标体系研究

Livable city refers to the city suitable for human habitation and life, which is a complete unity of pleasant natural environment and harmonious social and cultural environment. Livable city should be the common goal for all cities in the world. The work of the scientific definition of livable city, comprehensive evaluation of the habitability of global city, exploring the characteristics, influencing factors and evolution law of cities, as well as providing solutions for living environment problems, are helpful to reveal regularity and mechanism of global sustainable development, and also re-examine planning, construction and management of urban area. More importantly, the research help human make full use of the opportunities brought by urbanization to improve urban habitable environment. Last but not least, it will contribute to the construction of human settlements and cities that attributed with inclusiveness, security, tenacity and sustainability. The study of livable cities in the world requires Chinese experience, concept and program. . Therefore, based on the theory of living environment, this project uses multi-source data and multidisciplinary research methods, we first summarize the research development and experience. Based on that, we then define the connotation and scope of global livable city, and establish data platform for global livability evaluation. After that, we screen the key factors that influencing livability of cities and analyze the internal structure of the factors and the evolution law of livability city. Following the theory work, the project will build an indicator system and evaluation standard that with the characteristic of Chinese studies. Using the indicator system, we evaluate the livability of the selected cities. Based on that, solutions in order to improve living environment and urban governances are put forward. At last, a platform will be built to forecast the trend of the livability of global cities. . This project sets up the research network system of global living environment centering on China, and construct a global platform to communicate data and information, which improving the international level of the human settlement environment research of our country. Moreover, we reveal the law and mechanism of urban sustainable development, which will provide a scientific basis for livable city construction in China.

宜居城市是指适宜人类居住和生活的城市，是所有城市发展的共同目标。全球宜居城市研究需要中国经验、中国理念和中国方案。本项目以人居环境理论为基础，融合多源数据，综合多学科的研究方法，梳理全球宜居城市研究动态与经验，界定全球宜居城市研究的内涵与范围，建立全球宜居城市评价数据平台，解构影响全球宜居城市的关键因素和演变规律，最终构建具有中国研究特色的宜居城市指标体系和评价标准，综合评价项目所选城市的宜居性，提出宜居环境改善与城市治理的方向，并分析和预测全球宜居城市变化趋势，建立全球宜居城市评价的应用平台。项目建立以我国为中心的全球人居环境研究网络，形成数据、信息交流平台，提升我国人居环境研究的国际水平，并揭示全球城市可持续发展规律和机制，为中国宜居城市建设提供科学依据。

本项目以人居环境理论为基础，融合了多源数据，综合了多学科的研究方法，以挖掘中国特色的宜居城市人居环境演变规律及其影响关键因素为主题切入，选择北京市、杭州市、南京市、广州市等典型大都市为案例区，探究了城市体检、公共服务设施与宜居性、健康城市、城市生态环境与居民健康、城市居民幸福感、城市公共安全及居民安全感、社区居住环境、居民定居意愿等研究内容，关注了女性、老年人、儿童、低收入、流动人口、高等教育学历背景等特殊人群的需求，研究发现了：①住房改革、人口迁移和社会融合对城市宜居性的作用，城市低收入社区综合社会融合程度偏低；②城市规模与幸福感呈非线性关系；个人对城市生活和收入的满意度介导了城市目标属性与幸福之间的关系；房价对城市满意度有积极影响，而霾污染和交通拥堵的影响则是负面的。收入对个人的幸福感产生积极影响；③居民生活方式健康度差异的6.93%可以被社区之间的差异解释；在社区边界500m搜索口径内，城市功能混合度较低、公共交通系统较发达、公园邻近度较高的建成环境更有利于居民形成健康的生活方式等规律和结论，在所有研究成果的基础上认为：一个宜居的城市应该健康、安全、和谐、有吸引力且更多居民负担得起生活成本，同时它也应具有较高的舒适性，提供良好的可达性并在环境上可持续。最终构建了具有中国研究特色的宜居城市指标体系和评价标准，综合评价了项目所选城市的宜居性，提出了宜居环境改善与城市治理的方向。