膨润土基加氢复合催化剂的可控制备及其催化麻风树油加氢制生物柴油

Biodiesel prepared from non-edible vegetable oil by hydrogenation is an effective measure to solve the energy crisis and reduce atmospheric pollution from petrochemical energy. For the foregoing reasons, composite catalyst used in hydrogenation will be prepared using the layered bentonite, which is stabile, as the base material, and the preparation of biodiesel from jatropha oil through hydrogenation will also be investigated using the composite catalyst. The effects on the nanometer structure of function component in the layer space of bentonite and the pore structure of catalyst from the control factors, such as the preliminary insertion in the layer space of bentonite by quaternary ammonium salt, the dispersing medium and so on, will be studied in detail. The influence rules from the effects will be gained. The formation of function component in layered space and the control mechanism will be summarized in scientific ways, and the catalyst with high active and strong stability in catalytic hydrogenation reaction will be realized. The depth hydrogenation reaction of jatropha oil for biodiesel by the composite catalyst will be studied. The characteristics of hydrogenation reaction, resulted from the control of the function component in the layer space of bentonite, will be investigated. The influence laws in the process, such as hydrogenation, decarboxylation and isomerism, will be analyzed. Moreover, the effect of catalyst pore structure on the catalytic hydrogenation will also be investigated in detail. The reaction kinetics and thermodynamics model in the hydrogenation of jatropha oil for biodiesel by the prepared composite catalyst will be established. The research content has important value in science and application; the results can promote the industry development of bentonite and atropha oil in Guangxi.

非粮植物油加氢制备生物柴油是解决能源危机及减少石化能源大气污染的有效措施，课题以性能稳定的层状膨润土为基础材料制备加氢用复合催化剂，并应用于麻风树油催化加氢制备生物柴油。着重研究季铵盐预插层、分散介质等因素对膨润土层间功能组分的纳米结构调控及所制备的复合催化剂孔结构影响，掌握制备过程可控制因素对膨润土层间功能组分纳米微尺度、催化剂孔结构及性能的影响规律，科学阐明膨润土层间纳米功能组分的形成及调控机理，实现催化剂在催化加氢制备生物柴油反应中的高活性、强稳定性。研究所制备的催化剂对麻风树油深度加氢的反应特性，重点探索膨润土层间功能组分的调控对加氢反应特性的影响规律，解析催化过程的加氢、脱羧、异构等反应机理，探索复合催化剂孔结构对麻风树油加氢转化的影响规律，建立催化麻风树油加氢制备生物柴油的反应动力学和热力学模型。研究内容具有重要的科研及应用价值，成果可促进广西膨润土、麻风树油的产业开发。

广西壮族自治区膨润土资源占全国26%，储量巨大。立足广西优势矿产资源开发膨润土基高附加值产品，不仅具有重要的科学价值，还对膨润土的高端利用具有重要的推动作用。随着石油资源的短缺及石化能源应用造成的严重大气污染，由非粮生物质制备生物柴油成为人类解决能源危机及减少大气污染的有效途径之一。以非粮麻风树油为原料，开展研究麻风树油第二代生物柴油的催化合成技术也具有重要的意义。.项目以膨润土及其酸改性产品活性白土为主要原料，由膨润土层间作为催化活性材料的固载微空间，合成制备了麻风树油加氢制备生物柴油用的膨润土基复合功能催化剂。通过项目的研究，掌握了相关制备过程因素对膨润土基复合功能催化剂性能的影响规律，并在麻风树油加氢制备生物柴油反应评价的基础上，优化了催化剂的制备工艺，最终成功获得硫化型NiMo/活性白土催化剂与还原型Ni/Al2O3/ZrO2/膨润土两种复合功能催化剂。在上述工作中，解决了一般催化剂不易同时具有加氢脱氧、加氢脱羧、临氢异构等复合功能的难题，所获得的膨润土基复合功能催化剂具有高活性的特性。在此基础上，开展了针对麻疯树油加氢制备生物柴油的深入研究，解析了复合功能催化剂在反应过程中对加氢反应的影响特性，详细分析了硫化型NiMo/活性白土催化剂与还原型Ni/Al2O3/ZrO2/膨润土两种催化剂对麻风树油加氢反应的机理，进而通过对复合功能催化剂的表征，分析了复合功能催化剂高效催化性能的理论基础。此外，对麻风树油的膨润土基复合功能催化剂加氢催化反应所得生物柴油成分与油品性质进行了分析测定，掌握了复合功能催化剂的再生方法。.该项目的研究结果，对膨润土基麻风树油加氢制备生物柴油用催化剂的开发及其催化麻风树油加氢制备生物柴油具有重要的理论意义，也对上述有关技术的工业应用提供了基础性技术数据参考，为广西区优势矿产膨润土的深层开发利及麻风树油的能源化利用提供了新思路。