难分离煤泥水的微生物－化学法深度处理绿色循环的基础研究

From the angle of environmental protection and coal energy and water resources saving, this topic realized the innovation combination of modern biological technology and two efficient chemical methods. At first, coal slurry microbial treatment was carried on, its macro and microcosmic function process and result system characteristic were researched, the preliminary detoxification separation of coal slurry was realized, and supernatant was separated. Settling separation of the lower level coal mud was carried on by the first chemical method with the new environmental protection efficient high polymer liquid-solid separating agent. The way, characteristics, and law of physical-chemical actions in the liquid-solid separation process were researched. The dynamic equation was established. The slime was recycled and the filtrate was obtained. The obtained preliminary circulating water conforms to the conventional request was further cleaning treated by the second innovation application environmental protection medicament unites with microbial treatment. The residual soluble chemical constituents were removed deeply and recycled. Water treatment mechanism was revealed, process parameters were optimized，and relatively complete coal slurry comprehensive treatment mechanism was constructed in the project. Through this research, the recycling of the high quality water was achieved, and coal slurry microbial-chemical method green advanced treatment and washing water closed-circuitry were unified. This research provided the new mentality for the coal slurry comprehensive treatment, and will provide theoretical basis and experimental reference for the efficient environmental protection treatment of coal slurry difficult to subside and separate.

从保护环境和节约煤炭及水资源的角度出发，本课题将现代生物技术和两次高效化学方法创新结合，先对煤泥水进行微生物处理，研究其宏微观作用过程及结果物系特点，实现煤泥水初步无害化分离，分离上清液；下层煤泥浆用新型环保高效高分子固液分离剂进行一次化学法沉降分离，研究固液分离过程中物化作用方式、特点及作用规律，建立动力学方程，回收煤泥，获得滤液；所得符合常规要求的初步循环水（上清液及滤液），二次创新应用绿色自然环保药剂联用微生物方法进一步净化处理，深度去除残留的溶解化学成分并回收利用，分析作用机理，揭示水处理作用规律，整合优化过程系统参数，建构较完整的煤泥水综合处理机理，所得最终较高度达标水质循环再利用，形成煤泥水微生物－化学法绿色深度处理、洗水闭路循环的和谐统一。本研究为综合处理煤泥水提供了新思路，将为难沉降、难分离煤泥水的高效环保治理提供理论依据和实验参考。

煤泥水处理是煤炭行业老大难，也是煤炭科学难题之一。目前受管理、资金、规模、技术等因素限制，仍然存在煤泥水外排、循环水利用率低和煤能源的浪费等问题，国内外煤炭研究和应用领域对这类问题很重视。我们对粒度微细、粘度高的煤泥水处理进行了深入研究，创新设计了化学-微生物法协同处理煤泥水的新思路。微生物与可降解淀粉基聚丙烯酰胺类高分子化学絮凝剂（st-PAM）及氯化钙分步协同，既充分利用高分子药剂煤泥水处理的高效性，又避免了常规化学药剂单一使用的二次污染大的弊端，实现煤泥水环保处理。优化实验研究揭示出st-PAM对煤泥水有一定的絮凝沉降效果，沉降速度相对理想；单用氯化钙对煤泥水沉降速度无明显促进作用，但对上清液透光率有提升，与st-PAM连用，明显提升沉降速度和透光率；微生物絮凝剂单用情况下，煤泥水沉降速度和透光率在短时间内无明显效应，参与到st-PAM、氯化钙处理体系中，对试验煤泥水分别体现出了提高沉降速度、透光率、增强沉降速度提升的稳定性及获得理想投药量的协同处理效果；研究建立了煤泥水化学微生物法深度处理试验操作系统，并对其技术操作过程及技术原理进行了系统说明及具体分析，解释了化学微生物法深度处理煤泥水物理化学过程与微观化学反应机理；对煤泥夹杂黄铁矿的微生物脱硫处理进行了定量研究分析，得到了相对理想的时间内较高的脱硫率。