电化学混合器件碳基电极材料网络结构的构建及其能量储运机制研究

With the development of electric vehicles, it is the inevitable trend of new energy to develop hybrid capacitors that possess both high energy density and high power density. The key issue is to obtain high-performance electrode materials and build efficient conductive network where active substances can full play their roles. In this project, we propose to prepare fibrous carbon electrode materials with core-shell structure by coaxial electrospinning method, 2D graphene based nanocomposites by solvothermal method and hierarchical graphitic porous carbons by template method, which used for high performance electrochemical energy storage devices. It tends to build abundant electrochemical energy storage sites, high efficient electronic transport and ion diffusion network by adjusting microstructure of prepared carbon electrode materials. It is expected to obtain high-performance hybrid capacitors by taking the synergistic effects of different structure and different components so as to implement the combination of ion transport, electron transfer and energy storage and improve the electrochemical storage capacity and rate performance. Moreover, theoretical guidance in-depth is to be obtained for the design of hybrid devices by exploring the energy storage, charging and discharging mechanism of hybrid capacitor. It would be of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the synthesis of the novel carbon-based electrode materials and their application in new energy storage devices with high energy flux and storages.

随着电动汽车的发展，发展同时具有高功率密度和高能量密度的电化学混合器件，是新能源领域发展的必然趋势，其性能提升的关键在于获得高性能的电极材料以及构建高效的导电网络并充分发挥活性物质的电化学活性。本项目采用同轴静电纺丝法、溶剂热法及模板法来制备核壳结构的纤维型碳基复合电极材料、二维纳米复合石墨烯基电极材料和层次化结构的石墨质多孔碳材料，通过构建高效碳基网络结构，并深入研究混合器件的能量储运机制，以获得高性能的电化学储能器件。项目通过研究碳基复合材料和石墨质多孔碳材料的微结构调控，构建有利于电子传导和离子扩散的碳基网络，实现电子传递、离子传输与能量存储的有效结合，发挥不同结构、不同组分的协同效应，提高材料的电化学容量存储和倍率性能。通过探究混合器件的储能和充放电机制，为混合器件的设计提供更加深入的理论指导。本项目的实施对于探索新型碳基电极材料以及在储能器件中的应用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

电化学混合器件兼具锂离子电池的高能量密度和超级电容器的高功率密度的优点，是目前储能器件发展的重点，其性能提升的核心在于高性能电极材料的制备以及高效导电网络的构建。本项目采用水热法、模板法、化学活化法、水蒸气选择性刻蚀法、电化学沉积法等方法设计并制备了一系列碳复合电极材料，主要包括二硫化钼石墨烯复合材料、钒基氧化物碳复合材料、层次化石墨质多孔碳材料、过渡金属氧化物碳基柔性材料和铜纳米颗粒负载碳基柔性材料。通过优化关键工艺参数，实现了碳基网络复合结构的精细调控，有效提升了电极材料的电化学容量和倍率性能。深入研究了影响混合器件电化学性能的关键因素，最终阐明了混合器件储能和充放电机制，并在此基础上设计了一种兼具锂离子混合器件和双离子电池的新型双离子混合器件。这些研究成果对于探索新型碳基电极材料和高性能储能器件的发展具有重要的参考价值。