碳/镍合璧纳米管基复合电极材料的设计合成及其电化学储能应用

As a kind of new-type energy storage device, supercapacitor possesses the merits of high power density, fast charging and discharging, long cycle life, and pollution-free to environment, which has been considered one of the most promising green energy device in this century. This project proposes to build controllable morphology, structure and composition of carbon/nickel nanotube-based composites to replace the traditional carbon-based composites and become a new generation of supercapacitor electrode materials by using a simple and mild electrochemical deposition method. Through the rational design and controlled synthesis of one-dimensional and ordered carbon/nickel nanotube-based composites, it is desirable to reveal the effect law between of crystalline state, morphology, composition and capacitor, energy density, power density and cycle stability. Furthermore, the enhanced effect of capacitor performance that carbon/nickel nanotube acts on the traditional pseudo capacitor materials and their synergistic and promotive mechanism will be comprehensively studied. Eventually, based on such composites served as the corresponding positive and negative electrode, the high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors will be also constructed. The ultimate aim to achieve the artificial control and optimization of energy storage performance of the carbon/nickel nanotube-based composites capacitor and finally provide theoretical fundament and experimental basis for the development and application of the new-type energy storage materials.

超级电容器作为一种新型储能器件，具有功率密度高、充放电速度快、使用寿命长及对环境无污染等优点，被认为是本世纪最有希望的绿色能源装置之一。本项目拟提出采用简单、绿色的电沉积方法，构建一类形貌、结构和组成可控的新型碳/镍合璧纳米管基复合材料以取代传统的碳基复合材料。通过对一维有序碳/镍合璧纳米管复合材料的理性设计与可控合成，重点探讨碳/镍合璧基复合材料的晶态、组成、结构等对电容、能量密度、功率密度及循环稳定性的影响规律，深入研究碳/镍纳米管对传统赝电容材料电容性能的提升作用及其相互间的协同增进机理，进一步构建以该类复合材料为正负极的高性能不对称超级电容器。以期最终实现对碳/镍合璧纳米管基复合材料电容器储能的人工调控及优化，最终为新型储能材料的开发与应用提供理论基础与实验依据。

超级电容器被广泛认为是下一代储能设备的一个有前途的候选。为实际应用配置高电荷存储的超级电容器，采用有效/通用的策略来调整电极材料以获得所需的性能和功能是一个紧迫的问题。本项目提出来一种通用的策略增强电极材料储能性能—一维空心纳米复合材料，主要研究内容：高氯酸根掺杂聚吡咯复合空心镍纳米管，双壳层PEDOT/MnO2复合空心镍纳米管，自催化空心碳纳米管复合电极材料，并系统了研究了空心复合材料结构、形貌组成对电极电化学性能影响规律。最终实现了这几类电极材料的可控制备、性能优化与超级电容器器件组装，促进了空心复合纳米材料在能源储存领域的应用。