云南独龙牛肠道寄生虫感染分布及相关生态研究

Bos frontalis is only distributed in Dulongjiang and Nujiang rivers basin in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwest China. It is one of the rare and endangered species of semi-wild and semi-domesticated family, which has strong value to economic and genetic resources. Intestinal parasites can cause significant production losses in aquaculture of Bos frontalis development, our preliminary study found that Bos frontalis can infect variety of intestinal parasites, but we could not put forward the ideal prevention and control strategies due to lack of systematic research. In this study, stool samples from Bos frontalis will be collected in the area by quarterly (or month). Both of the morphological and molecular biology examination will be performed to determine the species of the intestinal parasites. And then, dominant, zoonotic and population structure of the intestinal parasites will be analyzed, respectively. And the tendency and regularity of each species of the intestinal parasite to different hosts’background(gender and age) from different areas, the trend and regularities of distribution to each species of the intestinal parasites in different areas should be expounded, respectively. The seasonal fluctuation, time and space distribution and influencing factors of each parasite species will be analyzed by ecological methods. The ecological relationships coexistence, coordination, competition and exclusion among species will be clarified. The analysis and comparison of gene sequence between the two river basins, among areas and villages will indicate the genetic characteristics of the intestinal parasites. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control strategies to intestinal parasites of Bos frontalis. Economic significance, academic interests and local characteristics of Yunnan were shown in this study.

独龙牛仅分布于云南怒江州独龙江和怒江流域，是半野生半家养的珍稀濒危物种之一，具有很高的经济利用价值与宝贵的遗传资源价值。肠道寄生虫威胁着独龙牛养殖业的发展，我们前期研究发现独龙牛可感染多种寄生虫，但缺乏系统研究而无法提出理想的防控策略。本项目拟在该地区按季度（或月）连续采集独龙牛粪便检查寄生虫，通过形态学与分子生物学相结合确定虫种、判定优势虫种及人兽共患寄生虫虫种，摸清其种群结构，阐明各虫种在不同地域中对宿主背景（性别、年龄）的选择趋向性及规律和在不同地方的分布趋势及规律。用生态学手段分析各寄生虫虫种的季节消长规律、时间空间分布及影响因素，揭示其可能存在的种间共存、协调、竞争和排斥等生态关系；通过基因序列分析并比较两江流域、各地区、各村落间种间序列差异，揭示其遗传特征。预期结果将为独龙牛肠道寄生虫病防控策略的制定提供理论依据，不仅具有极其现实的经济意义和学术价值，亦具有鲜明的云南地方特色。

独龙牛仅分布于云南省怒江州的独龙江和怒江流域的山区，是半野生半家养的珍稀濒危物种之一，具有很高的经济利用价值与宝贵的遗传资源价值。本项目从怒江州的鸠门当、古泉村、亚左洛村、茨开镇、独龙江乡共五个地点，分四个季度（春、夏、秋、冬）采集到独龙牛粪便样品，对其肠道寄生虫进行研究。结果显示：毕氏肠微孢子虫感染率为1.68%（19/1129），命名两种新基因型分别为YNNJ1，YNNJ2；环孢子虫感染率为1.51%（17/1129）；地点是微孢子虫和环孢子虫感染的风险因素，以独龙江乡感染率最高，不同季度感染率差异无统计学意义，感染不受季节影响。芽囊原虫感染率为12.06%（119/987），冬季芽囊原虫感染率最高；鞭虫总感染率为8.16%（85/987），茨开镇感染率最高14.47%（33/228）；贾第虫阳总感染率为10.33%（102/987），亚左洛村感染率最高13.90%（26/187），鉴定到的A、B和E三种基因型均为人兽共患基因型；对独龙牛肠道寄生虫病原多样性进行了分析，对独龙牛内阿米巴原虫进行了流行病学调查。本项目首次系统研究了独龙牛肠道寄生虫，为独龙牛寄生虫病的防控提供了基础数据，研究结果中的人兽共患寄生虫病原体对当地具有重要的公共卫生意义。