塔里木盆地驴胃肠道寄生虫种群生态研究

The Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in China and is located in southern Xinjiang with an area of 500.000 square kilometers. There are over one million donkeys in the oases around the Basin, most of which are raised by local uighur farmers. Today, donkey industry has become new one from which farmers can make profits.The development of donkey industry can rationally use the resourses in Xinjiang, increase the farmers' incomes, and promote the new-rural construction. But parasites can seriously comprise the development of donkey industry, especically the gastrointestinal parasites cause gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastroenteritis, progressive weight loss, loss of appette, and indigestion..Parasite species survey is also called the investigation of biological species resources. So far, in China, the investigation on donkey parasites is not enough, lagging behind other countries, and the investigation in other livestocks. The project aims to study donkeys, economically important animals in Tarim base. the project researches the population ecology of the donkey gastrointestinal parasites with the purposes to ivestigate the donkey gastrointestinal parasite specieses, infection rates, population composition, parasite location, geographical distribution, and seasonal dynamics in Tarim basin。.Since 2008, the team members have investigated parasites in donkey slaughterhouses in Tarim basin for many times, have gained much experience and have build a solid foundation for the project. In 2011, two members, Wang Shiwei and Li Qiuming went to Heibei normal university to learn how to identify strongylina under the guidence of the famous parasitologist in China: Zhang Luping, who can guarantee the project to carry out. For now, the team has identified more than 40 species of donkey gastrointestinal parasites..The project will use four years, and will employ traditional methods to collect parasites, such as collection of fresh feces, autopsy and collection of parasites from the donkey gastrointestinal systems. The parasites are identified through microscopic examination, electron microscopic examination, and biochemical assays. The eggs per gram in donkey feces will be counted. The donkey parasites' species, population, seasonal dynamics, and geographic distribution will be ascertained. The project is a prerequisite for donkey parasite control and prevention. The project has a positive significance for the local donkey raising, improvement of the border minorities' income, the border security, regional prosperty. The further investigation of donkey parasites will promote a balanced development of veterinary parasitology and personnel training in xinjiang.

塔里木盆地位于新疆南部，盆地周边绿洲驴的存栏数超过100万头，主要是维吾尔族农民饲养。如今，特色驴产业已成为带动当地农民致富的新兴产业。发展特色养驴业是合理利用新疆资源，促进农民增收致富，推进新农村建设的重要举措。但寄生虫严重危害养驴业的健康发展，特别是胃肠道寄生虫会导致慢性胃肠炎，进行性消瘦，食欲不振，消化不良，生产性能下降，严重影响驴产品产量和质量。.本项目以塔里木盆地驴感染的寄生虫为研究对象，在自然感染、不驱虫条件下，以现场系统剖检调查和统计分析为基本手段，利用光镜、电镜和分子生物学等技术对驴胃肠道寄生虫进行分类鉴定，以这些寄生虫的种群生态为研究内容，包括种类、感染率、种群组成、寄生部位、地理分布和季节动态。项目将为塔里木盆地驴的高效生产和科学防控提供依据，在开展更深层驴寄生虫病研究，推进兽医寄生虫学学科均衡发展，培养新疆地区人才等方面具有重要意义。

本项目（塔里木盆地驴感染胃肠道寄生虫种群生态研究）以我国温带极干旱气候区塔里木盆地的驴为研究对象，在自然感染、不驱虫的条件下，以现场系统剖检调查和统计分析为基本手段，研究驴胃肠寄生虫的种群生态，旨在为当地驴寄生虫病防控和科学养殖提供依据。.本项目研究结果显示，驴在春季体内寄生虫产卵数量最少，在夏季和秋季最多，建议在生产中，选择夏初（成虫前驱虫）和秋末2次驱虫，待孕母驴最好配种前驱虫。成年驴（2-7岁）和老年驴（≥8岁）中等程度感染的比例为25%左右；严重感染超过35%，即在自然感染状态下，成年驴感染线虫强度远远大于幼驹，超过60%的成年驴必须进行驱虫治疗。3岁以上成年驴感染量较大，公驴、母驴和妊娠母驴线虫感染强度存在显著差异（p<0.05），妊娠母驴的感染强度最低。.在塔里木盆地驴胃肠道感染率最高的二大类寄生虫分别是圆线虫类和胃蝇蛆，各年龄阶段都易感；幼驹更易感蛔虫和尖尾线虫。绦虫的感染率较低，尚未观测到驴感染吸虫。因此，在驴的养殖过程中要注意感染率高的圆线虫、胃蝇蛆和胃线虫的综合防治，在幼驹还要求注意蛔虫和尖尾线虫的驱防工作。.本项目全面系统的获得塔里木盆地驴感染胃肠道寄生虫的种类，为虫体的进化研究提供资源，完成十几种常见多发寄生线虫的电镜观察。项目已指导10名本科生完成毕业论文，其中2篇获校级优秀毕业论文；重点培养2名骨干教师；协助培养1名博士，发表论文2篇，其中中文核心1篇， SCI1篇。