The recognition and response of T cell to islet autoantigen are the core of Type 1 diabetes. Proteins undergoing posttranslational modification generate neo-antigens which have could increase immunogenicity and cause failure of immune tolerance. Recent studies discovered that Chromogranin A (ChgA) is an islet autoantigen recognized by CD4+ T cell. The antigenic peptide of ChgA shows greater immune response with CD4+ T cell after modification by Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2). Ca2+ is necessary for the activity of TGase2, meanwhile, the concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether ERS could induce pathogenic CD4+ T through testing the immune response of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells to human islet cells undergoing ERS. Size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the modification of ChgA. And then, we explored whether IL-22, a recently discovered endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, could suppress ERS, reduce the aberrant modification of antigen peptides and reduce immune response of pathogenic T cells to islet cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the present study provided a potentially novel therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes.
T细胞对胰岛自身抗原的识别和反应是1型糖尿病发病的核心。研究证明蛋白质翻译后修饰可以形成新抗原,增强免疫原性,逃避免疫耐受。Chromogranin A (ChgA)是近年发现的CD4+ T细胞识别的胰岛自身抗原,经过Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2)修饰后抗原性增强。TGase2的激活依赖Ca2+,而内质网应激 (endoplasmic reticulum stress, ERS)可以升高胞质内Ca2+浓度。本课题拟通过检测ChgA抗原特异性CD4+ T细胞对ERS状态下人胰岛的免疫反应,证明胰岛细胞ERS激活了致病性CD4+ T细胞。用分子筛色谱、质谱等分析ChgA抗原的分子修饰,探讨ChgA抗原性增强的机制。再用新发现的ERS抑制剂IL-22体内外干预,研究IL-22是否可以通过阻断ERS,减少抗原异常修饰、减轻T细胞对胰岛的免疫损伤,为1型糖尿病的防治探索新路。
1型糖尿病是T细胞介导的针对胰岛细胞损伤引起的自身免疫性疾病。探讨胰岛自身抗原暴露和递呈机制及内质网在其中的作用对于T1D的发病机理研究具有重要意义。IFN-α在1型糖尿病发病过程中发挥重要作用,近期研究证明其对胰岛细胞的直接影响可以诱导胰岛细胞的内质网应激,促进MHC-I分子的表达。本研究在执行过程中适当调整实验方案,利用IFN-α处理胰岛细胞,检测胰岛细胞内质网应激改变,分析其对T细胞的影响机制。利用小剂量STZ造模诱导T1D小鼠模型,IFN-α和其诱导剂Poly-IC体内注射,证明IFN-α和Poly-IC均显著促进模型小鼠胰岛炎发生和糖尿病进展。Poly-IC注射STZ造模小鼠,外周和胰腺引流淋巴结或脾脏Th1、Th17、CD8+ T细胞比例上升,CD8+ T细胞增殖升高。IFN-α处理 STZ造模小鼠,脾脏Th1、Th17细胞比例上升。胰岛/T细胞体外共培养免疫实验证明,IFN-α孵育胰岛12、24h与CD8+ T细胞共培养抑制T细胞增殖,48h后促进CD8+ T细胞增殖。进一步探索IFN-α增强胰岛免疫反应机制。IFN-α处理显著抑制胰岛细胞胰岛素、胰高血糖素的分泌,抑制胰岛细胞增殖能力。IFN-α体外处理小鼠原代胰岛后,利用 RNA-seq分析IFN-α增强胰岛免疫反应机制的分子机制,发现IFN-α体外处理并没有改变胰岛细胞内内质网应激(ERS)相关基因的表达。但是抗原递呈相关分子表达显著变化。通过对差异表达基因生物信息学分析,选择重要的抗原递呈分子和潜在调控基因STAT1, STAT2, IRF7, NLRC5, TAP1, B2M, PSMB8和MHC I分子相关基因(H2-D1、H2-K、H2-Q4、H2-T22),以胰岛细胞MIN6和小鼠原代胰岛为对象,通过体外基因敲降和分子抑制剂,证实了 IFN-α通过STAT1/STAT2 - IRF7通路调控TAP1、B2M、PSMB8分子表达,提示可能是从影响胰岛抗原递呈、促进胰岛自身免疫反应的一个机制,为T1D的预防和治疗提供了一个新的潜在靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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