避雨栽培猕猴桃滴灌水肥一体化节水提质增效机理与调控参数研究

The mechanism and quantitative characterization for the integrated management of water and fertilizer on kiwi fruit quality on drip irrigation in rain-shelter cultivation is not only the foundation and core to reveal the improvement of fruit quality and agriculture efficient water use under the regulation of microenvironment of crop root zone, but also the crucial scientific issue of the theory of efficient irrigation for improving fruit quality. Through the different integrated managements of water-fertilizer in rain-shelter cultivation during the growing periods of mature kiwi fruit, this study, combining advanced technology of biological enzymatic activity detection, analyzed the impact caused by experiments on the formation of photosynthetic products and the activity of Rubsico （RCA）activase in leaves, ascertained the mechanism of the effects on accumulation of photosynthetic products（soluble sugar et al）on improving fruit quality. The regulation effect of integrated management of water and fertilizer on drip irrigation on main quality indicators of kiwi(vitamin C、organic acid、soluble sugar et al) and the responding principle of kiwi fruit main quality to the activity of key enzymes were revealed. Based on the control of activity of key enzymes, the study put forward the optimal key parameter system of integrated management of water and fertilizer on drip irrigation for improving kiwi fruit quality. The study quantitatively characterized the responding mechanism of single quality indicator, aggregative quality indicator and water（potassium）use, built models to evaluate comprehensive quality of kiwi fruit and quality /yield production function based on coupling of water and potassium，and quality /yield and benefits comprehensive model based on coupling of water and potassium, proposed high quality and high-efficient regulation parameter and application model of integrated management of water and fertilizer with drip irrigation of kiwi fruit, and significantly pushed forward the development of the theory of efficient water-saving irrigation for improving fruit quality.

避雨栽培滴灌水肥一体化对猕猴桃品质提升的影响机理与定量表征是揭示作物根区微环境调控对水果品质改善与农田高效用水的核心，更是节水调质高效灌溉理论的关键科学问题。本研究通过避雨栽培的成龄猕猴桃各生育期滴灌水肥一体化试验，结合先进的生物酶活性检测技术，分析其对猕猴桃叶片Rubisco 活化酶（RCA）活性及光合产物形成的影响，探明光合产物积累对果实品质提升的影响机理；分析滴灌水肥一体化对猕猴桃主要品质指标（Vc、有机酸、可溶性糖）关键酶活性调控效应，探明猕猴桃品质指标关键酶活性对果实品质作用机制，提出基于关键酶活性调控的猕猴桃品质提升最佳滴灌水肥一体化参数体系；定量表征猕猴桃单项品质指标、综合品质指数与水分（钾素）利用的响应机制，构建“水钾-品质/产量生产函数”与“水钾-品质/产量-效益”综合模型；提出节水提质增效型猕猴桃滴灌水肥一体化理想调控参数与应用模式，推动节水调质高效灌溉理论发展。

避雨栽培滴灌猕猴桃水钾一体化是促进南方季节性干旱猕猴桃实现节水节肥提质增效生产的关键，更是节水调质高效灌溉理论的重要科学问题。本研究采用田间定位定量系统监测试验和室内理论模拟研究相结合的研究方法，通过避雨栽培“7年生”猕猴桃不同生育期滴灌水钾一体化试验，探明了滴灌水钾一体化对猕猴桃叶片光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响，解析了滴灌水钾一体化对猕猴桃生长调控效应；定量表征了避雨栽培条件下滴灌水肥一体化下主要品质指标（Vc、有机酸、可溶性糖）对相关关键酶活性（蔗糖磷酸合成酶SPS、抗坏血酸氧化酶AAO、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX等）的响应规律，探明了猕猴桃关键酶活性对其品质的调控效应，解析了猕猴桃品质指标关键酶活性对果实品质作用机制，提出了基于关键酶活性调控的猕猴桃品质提升最佳滴灌水钾一体化参数体系；探明了滴灌水钾一体化对猕猴桃单项品质的影响，基于熵权法构建了猕猴桃综合品质评价体系，定量表征了猕猴桃单项品质指标和综合品质指标与水分（钾素）利用的响应机制，构建了“水钾生产函数”与“水钾-品质/产量-效益”综合模型；提出了节水提质增效型猕猴桃滴灌水钾一体化理想调控参数与最优应用模式，推广面积超10000亩，猕猴桃产量提高8%~15%，Vc、可溶性糖等品质指标提高了15%~20%，灌溉水利用系数提升到0.85。依托本项目发表SCI18篇，EI2篇，中文核心18篇，授权实用新型专利4项，软件著作权4项，申报发明专利3项，颁布地方标准1项。