含能燃烧催化剂能量水平与催化效率相关性的量热学研究

Energetic combustion catalyst is very important to adjust and improve the combustion performance of solid propellant. At present, the urgently scientific problem is to study the correlation between energy level and catalytic efficiency. This research project aims to prepare a series of new energetic combustion catalysts with different energy levels by coordinate nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ring ligands with transition metals and get the structural information. Using a self-made micro rotating bomb calorimeter to measure the combustion energy of combustion catalysts and get standard enthalpy of formation by calculation. Meanwhile, get the detonation parameters and sensitivity data of energetic combustion catalysts and evaluate the energy comprehensively by combining all of them. Using RD496 micro-calorimeter calorimeter to study the calorimetry of catalytic combustion reaction. By analyzing the thermal spectrum to obtain the following information: ①Get thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters of decomposition processes on the basis of thermal dynamic equations, and conclude thermal decomposition mechanism ②Capture the composition / quantity / size / morphology information of the new ecological active center at key point. ③Obtain the accurate change of the temperature and the heat value of the main components of solid propellant. According to the measurement and calculation of thermal industry standard, the corresponding parameters of combustion properties can be calculated, and the combustion characteristics should be evaluated. Building multi factor correlation diagram of energy level and catalytic efficiency by connecting energetic, ΔT/ΔH and combustion characteristic. Explore the rule to guide the synthesis of highly-efficient combustion catalysts.

含能燃烧催化剂对调节和改善固体推进剂燃烧性能至关重要，研究能量水平与催化效率相关性是目前亟待解决的科学问题。本项目拟选用富氮杂环与过渡金属制备系列具有不同能量水平的新型含能燃烧催化剂并表征, 获得结构信息；利用自制微型转动弹热量计测定其燃烧能，计算得到标准生成焓，同时得到催化剂爆轰参数及感度数据，对能量进行综合评价；利用RD496微热量计进行对推进剂主要组份催化燃烧反应的量热学研究，解析谱图：①依据热动力学方程得到分解过程的热动力学参数及动力学参数，推知热分解机理，②在关键点取样表征以捕获新生态活性中心的组成/尺寸/形貌等信息，③得到其令推进剂主要组份分解温度和放热量的准确改变值ΔT和ΔH；继而根据热工标准测定并获得表征催化燃烧性质各参量，进行催化燃烧性能评价。系统关联能量-ΔT/ΔH-催化燃烧特性，构建能量水平与催化效率多因子相关图，发掘规律以指导高效含能燃烧催化剂的合成。

含能燃烧催化剂的研究是改善复合双基推进剂燃烧性能的重要发展方向，对其能量水平和催化效率进行研究与关联是目前需要解决的重要科学问题。本项目选用具有不同结构特征的富氮杂环类配体与过渡金属制备了四十余种具有不同能量水平的新型含能燃烧催化剂并进行了结构表征；对它们进行了详尽的量热学研究，得到了一批实用的热力学数据；对含能燃烧催化剂的热分解特性进行了研究；测定了它们的感度和爆轰性能；研究了它们对复合双基推进剂主要组份的催化燃烧性能。通过对催化剂结构-标准生成焓-催化性能的关联，掌握了此类含能燃烧催化剂的催化燃烧性能随结构及能量水平变化的规律。该项目的研究成果是配位化学、含能材料、量热学的交叉产物，集基础性与应用性于一体，所得到的系列含能配合物是含能燃烧催化剂家族中的新成员，其对复合双基推进剂配方具有特征选择性，催化作用较好。研究结果将为合理设计高能、绿色、低特征信号的含能燃烧催化剂品种提供理论依据，系统的催化燃烧规律探索对调节推进剂的燃烧性能并提高推进剂能量具有重要的理论和应用意义。