包埋脱氮菌颗粒同步脱氮共代谢降解典型PPCPs的效能与机理研究

In consideration of trace amounts and multifarious types of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage, the simultaneous denitrification and degradation of PPCPs will be achieved by embedding denitrifying bacteria with amphiprotic interpenetrating network of porous gel from the view of the current urgent need of developing PPCPs reduction technology based on traditional sewage treatment system. Organic combination of reactor operation, structural features of embedding particles, microbial community structure and limited ecological factors enables to research the adsorption and biological degradation rout of simultaneous denitrification and degrading PPCPs and decontamination efficiency by embedding particles. The inner connection and cooperative mechanism among the process of regulation and control, changes of microbial community structure and degradable properties will be revealed, and the biochemical reaction mechanism and microcosmic essence of adsorption and degradation of PPCPs by embedding particles will also be clarified in this project. The associations of carbon source, nitrogen source and PPCPs with functional bacteria and related degradation enzymes will be explored, and the competition relation between it and co-metabolism degradation enzymes will also be analyzed during co-metabolism process of simultaneous denitrification and degrading PPCPs. Furthermore, the co-metabolism process and mechanism of PPCPs degraded by embedding particles will be analyzed and expounded. This project can not only expand and enrich the application of immobilized microorganisms technology and polymer materials in environment area, but also provide necessary theoretical basis and technology strategy for optimizing of treatment techniques of municipal sewage with PPCPs and innoxious biodegradation.

针对当前开发提高传统污水处理系统对PPCPs减量技术的迫切需要，结合PPCPs在污水中痕量、种类复杂的特点，采用两性互穿网络多孔凝胶球包埋脱氮菌实现同步脱氮降解PPCPs。将反应器运行效果、包埋颗粒结构特征、微生物种群结构及限定生态因子有机结合，研究包埋颗粒同步脱氮降解PPCPs的吸附/生物降解途径和除污效能，揭示“过程调控-微生物群落变化-降解性能”之间的内在联系和协作机制，阐明包埋颗粒对PPCPs吸附降解的生化反应机理和微观本质。考察包埋颗粒同步脱氮降解PPCPs的共代谢过程中，碳源、氮源及PPCPs分别与功能菌及相关降解酶之间的联系，分析其与共代谢降解酶的竞争抑制关系，阐释和剖析包埋颗粒降解PPCPs的共代谢过程及作用机理。通过本项目研究，不仅拓展和丰富固定微生物技术和高分子材料在环境领域中的应用，更为含PPCPs的城市污水处理工艺优化和无害化生物降解提供必要的理论依据和技术策略。

针对当前开发提高传统污水处理系统对PPCPs减量技术的迫切需要，结合PPCPs在污水中痕量、种类复杂的特点，采用化学交联法利用离子交联、自由基聚合等反应制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA) 、海藻酸钠(SA)的两性互穿网络多孔复合水凝胶球生物载体；通过包埋活性炭、磁性粒子、负载纳米材料以及离子交联对复合水凝胶球生物载体开展吸附改性研究，利用现代分析仪器和化学方法表征了复合生物凝胶球的结构特性、功能基团特征、温敏特性等，确定了合成复合水凝胶球生物载体的最适宜条件，揭示了复合水凝胶球生物载体对典型PPCPs吸附降解过程的作用机理。以SBBR工艺和BAF工艺为平台，通过调控主要运行参数，探索了脱氮菌颗粒同步脱氮降解典型PPCPs的可行性，利用PCR-DGGE、高通量测序等现代分子生物学方法，重点开展了包埋脱氮菌颗粒降解典型PPCPs过程微生物的群落演替、功能菌群随时间的分布规律、种群多样性等动态信息变化研究，通过比较分析揭示了生物处理体系同步脱氮降解典型PPCPs 的“过程调控-微生物群落变化-降解性能”之间的内在联系和协作机制。利用复合水凝胶球生物载体包埋固定化硝化细菌使其通过氮素介导下的共代谢模式降解典型PPCPs，形成“载体材料吸附-生物共代谢降解”的新颖去除模式。分析了碳源、氮源的降解动力学和协同发生典型PPCPs污染物代谢降解的效果，探索了同步脱氮降解典型PPCPs 污染物的共代谢过程中碳源、氮源以及目标污染物的联系。从微生物多样性角度揭示去除过程中的优势菌种，揭示了包埋脱氮菌颗粒降解PPCPs前期以吸附去除为主后期以生物降解为主，硝化菌丰度保持稳定，载体起到抵御污染物效果的共代谢作用机理。通过分析PPCPs降解过程中酵母细菌生长情况、代谢活性（ETS）和降解率等参数之间的关系，探讨并挖掘了包埋脱氮菌颗粒降解PPCPs的共代谢过程及潜在反应机理。通过本项目研究，不仅拓展和丰富了固定微生物技术和高分子材料在环境领域中的应用，更为含PPCPs的城市污水处理工艺优化和无害化生物降解提供必要的理论依据和技术策略。