生物膜微区环境同步硝化反硝化反应机理与优化调控研究

With the increasing severity of the eutrophication， the removal of nitrogen pollution has become a focus problem in wastewater treatment field. Bio-nitration is a common technique about the removal of nitrogen in wastewater at present. Technology of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification is talent showing itself for the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency compared with other biological nitrogen removal technology. However， it still has some disadvantages on the stage of research and development for the limitation of micro-level mechanism understanding and short of analysis and detection technologies. This paper will focus on micro-level characteristics of biofilm to study the mechanism of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by combining the method of microscopic section， confocal laser scanning microscope， molecular biology and microelectrode. Influence of microenvironment condition on microbial community structures， population dynamics and spatial distribution characteristics of functionally important microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria etc will be investigated to analysis the cooperation mechanism among the microorganisms and reveal the mechanism of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The quantitative relationship between the N2O production of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and the key enzyme is researched to explain the driving effect and mechanism of environmental induction decreasing the production of N2O. We will establish the regulation measures to control conditions of the N2O production and optimize microenvironment of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification based on the research results to improve efficiency and stability of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. The study of this paper is not only a new understanding and thinking of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification， but also an important supplement to its theory. The research results can provide the scientific theory for developing new effective energy-saving biological nitrogen removal technologies for wastewater treatment.

结合当前开发高效节能生物脱氮工艺的迫切需要，针对同步硝化反硝化研究中存在的不足，以生物膜为研究对象，将微切片、激光共聚焦显微镜、分子生物学和微电极四种先进的检测技术进行有机结合，在不改变或破坏生物膜结构的情况下，原位表征其微环境生态和传质特性。考察生物膜微区环境条件对硝化细菌、反硝化细菌等不同功能菌群演变规律和空间分布的影响，分析各菌系之间的协作机制，揭示生物膜微区环境下同步硝化反硝化的微生物协同作用机理和微观本质。研究同步硝化反硝化过程中N2O的释放量与关键酶系特征的量化关系，阐释环境诱导对N2O减量的驱动效应与作用机理，构建有效减少N2O释放量的控制条件，建立同步硝化反硝化环境优化调控策略，提高系统同步硝化反硝化的高效性和稳定性。通过本项目研究，不仅对同步硝化反硝化机理提出了新的认识和思考，更是对同步硝化反硝化理论的重要补充，为开发高效、节能、减排的污水生物脱氮新技术提了科学理论依据。

结合当前开发高效节能生物脱氮工艺的迫切需要，针对同步硝化反硝化研究中存在的不足，以生物膜为研究对象，将微切片、激光共聚焦显微镜、分子生物学和微电极等四种先进成熟的检测技术进行有机结合，在不改变或破坏生物膜结构的情况下，原位表征其微环境生态和传质特性。考察生物膜微区环境条件对硝化细菌、反硝化细菌等不同功能菌群演变规律和空间分布的影响，分析各菌系之间的协作机制，揭示生物膜微区环境下同步硝化反硝化的微生物协同作用机理和微观本质。研究同步硝化反硝化过程中N2O的释放量与关键酶系特征的量化关系，阐释环境诱导对N2O减量的驱动效应与作用机理，构建有效减少N2O释放量的控制条件，建立同步硝化反硝化环境优化调控策略，提高系统同步硝化反硝化的高效性和稳定性。通过本项目研究，不仅对同步硝化反硝化机理提出了新的认识和思考，更是对同步硝化反硝化理论的重要补充，为开发高效、节能、减排的污水生物脱氮新技术提供了科学理论依据。