纤维素纤维用螯合配位型磷-氮-硼协效阻燃剂制备与耐久阻燃性能研究

The new high-performance eco-friendly and durable flame retardant is not only the core of the innovative research on flame retardant of cellulose fiber, but also one of the major driving forces for the development and application of flame retardant cellulose fiber. This project, by the means of adopting the organic-inorganic hybrid coordination chelation to synthesize series of new composite eco-friendly and durable P - N - B synergistic flame retardants; studying the structure-activity relationship among its structure, coordination mode, binding site and chelating effect ; investigating the synergistic effect of the new composite flame retardant on the durability of cellulose fiber by the double effects of covalent bonding and coordination chelation. as well as exploring the inherent law of the combined effect of organic -inorganic P - N - B durable flame retardant and durability and flame retardancy of cellulose fiber. It will focus on the effect of boron on the flame retardant properties and flame retardant efficiency of flame retardant cellulose fibers. to establish a unique coordinate chelate organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant system for cellulose fiber, and develop a new type of novel cellulose fiber environmentally friendly and durable flame retardant characteristic flame retardant system.

新型高性能环保耐久阻燃剂是纤维素纤维阻燃创新研究的核心内容，是推动阻燃纤维素纤维发展和应用的重要动力之一。本项目拟利用有机无机杂化螯合配位方式，合成系列新型复合型磷-氮-硼协效环保阻燃剂，研究其结构特点、配位方式、键合位点与螯合效应之间的构效关系；考察新型复合型阻燃剂对纤维素纤维的共价键结合和配位螯合双重作用对耐久性能的协同效应；探索有机无机杂化磷-氮-硼协效耐久阻燃剂与纤维素纤维的耐久性能和阻燃性能内在规律，重点考察硼元素对阻燃纤维素纤维的耐久阻燃性能及阻燃效率的影响规律，建立独特的纤维素纤维用螯合配位型有机无机杂化阻燃剂体系，发展和完善纤维素纤维环保耐久阻燃的特色阻燃体系。

本项目利用有机无机杂化螯合配位方式，合成了配位螯合型磷-氮-硼协效型阻燃剂“植酸-硼酸-铵氮协同阻燃剂（PBN）”、“植酸-硼酸-糖三元协效膨胀型阻燃剂（r-GBAP）”、“二乙烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸-硼酸协同阻燃剂（BDA）”等系列复合型磷-氮-硼协效环保阻燃剂。所制备阻燃剂整理的棉织物经五十次水洗后，极限氧指数数分别为37.6%，37.4%和36.1%，均达到难燃级别。用扫描电镜对整理棉纤维燃烧前、后图像分析，可知阻燃剂嵌入到棉纤维内部，明晰了配位方式、键合位点与螯合效应之间的构效关系。热重-红外联用验证了阻燃剂的阻燃机理主要是依靠磷、氮元素发挥主要阻燃作用，遇热分解释放不可燃气体，而硼元素通过增加棉纤维成碳率发挥协效作用，探明了硼元素对阻燃纤维素纤维的耐久阻燃性能及阻燃效率的影响规律，掌握了有机无机杂化磷-氮-硼协效耐久阻燃剂与纤维素纤维的耐久性能和阻燃性能内在规律。建立了独特的纤维素纤维用螯合配位型有机无机杂化阻燃剂体系，发展和完善了纤维素纤维环保耐久阻燃的特色阻燃体系。