基于维度关联的量子信息协议研究

Dimension is one of the most important physical resources in the quantum information system, high dimensional system can respectively improve the quantum parallel computation capability and the quantum communication channel transmission capability. Quantum dimension correlation can also be applied to construct the semi device independent quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution protocol, the randomness and security of the measurement outcomes are based on the dimension correlation restriction, have no correlation with the perfect quantum state preparation, modulation and measurement. Thus, quantum information protocols based on quantum dimension correlation is an important trend in the future quantum information technology research. Based on quantum random access code, Brunner determinant and Bell inequality, this project will construct new quantum dimension witness inequality. Then, semi device independent quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution protocols will be constructed, random number generation efficiency and secret key rate of the measurement outcomes will be analyzed correspondingly. By considering the quantum channel loss and the detection efficiency, the appropriate protocol will be selected to be experimentally realized. The research result about this project can enrich the basic quantum information theory, complete semi device independent type protocols, and it has important scientific application in the future information security technology.

维度是量子信息系统中重要的物理资源，高维的量子系统可以提高量子计算的并行计算能力和量子通信的信道传输能力，利用量子维度关联构造的半设备无关量子随机数方案和量子密钥分配方案具有更高的安全性，其输出结果的随机性和安全性仅依赖系统的维度限制，而与量子态制备、调制和测量的实际器件无关，因此研究基于维度关联的量子信息协议是量子信息技术未来的重要发展趋势。基于量子随机存取码、Brunner行列式和贝尔不等式，本课题将构造新型量子维度目击不等式作为维度关联度量工具。基于量子维度关联设计半设备无关量子随机数和量子密钥分配方案，分别给出测量结果的随机数生成效率和最终密钥率的安全性分析，在考虑信道损耗和探测效率的基础上开展相关的实验验证。本项目的研究成果可以深化量子信息的基础理论，完善半设备无关量子信息技术体系，对未来实现高安全的信息保密技术有重要的科学意义。

维度是量子信息理论中的重要资源，本项目对基于维度关联的量子信息协议开展了深入研究。基于弱测量技术，课题组在态制备和态测量协议中提出了三观察者维度目击协议。通过基于量子随机存取码和非线性行列式维度目击不等式，我们证明了如果选择适当的弱测量参数，则可以实现双重经典维度目击违反。利用弱测量技术，课题组首次实验实现了经典维度目击的双违反，并生成了半设备无关量子随机数。在给定量子维度关联的基础上，设计了一个基于CHSH相关因子的半设备无关量子密钥分配协议，并给出了有限长密钥条件下协议的安全性分析。课题组分析了基于弱随机性基矢选择的实际量子密钥分配系统，提出了量子密钥分配系统中的弱随机性模型，该模型有效刻画了现有的量子密钥分配系统光源端的器件非理想特性，证明了信道衰减会放大弱随机参数。本项目的研究成果深化了对量子信息中的维度关联的理解，为后续设备无关量子密码的实验研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。