船舶封闭空间燃油喷射引发爆燃研究

The idea in this project comes from deflagration accidents frequently occurring in recent years. Due to the relative enclosure of ship compartment with a large amount of liquid fuels, the leakage of liquid fuels possibly induce a deflagaration. Deflagration propagation time is very short, but its overpressure is relatively high, which is evidently different from pool fire or jet fire in a ship compartment. So this project focuses on liquid spray induced deflagration in a ship compartment by employing experimental study combined together with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The mechanisms of fuel spray ignition and induced deflagration are investigated. Furthermore the critical conditions of deflagration occurrence are determined. The effects of fuel type,ignition locations，strength and time delay, injecting pressure and nozzle sizes etc are analyzed on deflagration phenomena and deflagration parameters such as overpressure, temperature etc. The propagation laws of deflagration flame and its precursor waves are recognized in ship compartment. Then the comprehensive quantitative relationship between deflagration parameters and influencing factors are clarified. The judgment models of spray induced deflagration and the prediction models of deflagration parameters are lastly established. By doing so, some theories and basic data can be provided for deflagration prevention, firefighting and accidental research in the ship compartment.

本项目的科学思想来源于近年来频繁发生的船舶舱室爆燃事故。船舶舱室具有相对封闭性且存有大量燃油等，一旦燃油泄漏可能引发爆燃。爆燃作用时间短且超压高，明显不同于船舶油池火和喷射火。因此本项目试图通过实验、数值模拟和理论分析，研究船舶舱室由于燃油泄漏喷射而引发爆燃这一现象。探讨燃油喷射点火及引发爆燃机制，寻找爆燃发生的判断条件。分析燃油种类、点火参数（位置、强度与延时）、喷射参数（喷射压力、喷孔尺寸）等对爆燃现象及爆燃参数（超压、温度等）的影响，认识船舶舱室爆燃火焰及波的传播规律，弄清爆燃参数与影响因素之间的综合定量关系，建立船舶舱室燃油喷射引发爆燃的判断模型和参数预测模型，从而为船舶舱室爆燃预防、消防及事故调查提供理论依据和基础数据。

本项目的科学思想来源于近年来频繁发生的船舶舱室爆燃事故。船舶舱室具有相对封闭性且存有大量燃油等，一旦燃油泄漏可能引发爆燃。爆燃作用时间短且超压高，明显不同于船舶油池火和喷射火。因此本项目通过实验、数值模拟和理论分析，研究了船舶舱室由于燃油泄漏喷射而引发爆燃这一现象。探讨了燃油喷射点火及引发爆燃机制。分析了燃油种类、点火参数（位置、强度与延时）、喷射参数（喷射压力、喷孔尺寸）等对爆燃现象及爆燃参数（超压、温度等）的影响，发现了弱爆燃和强爆燃两种模式，认识了船舶舱室爆燃火焰及波的传播规律，弄清了爆燃参数与影响因素之间的综合定量关系，建立了船舶舱室燃油喷射引发爆燃的判断模型和参数预测模型，为船舶舱室爆燃预防、消防及事故调查提供了理论支撑和基础数据。本项目还发展了封闭空间燃油喷射引发爆燃数值模拟的计算模型，开发了可靠的封闭空间液气两相爆燃数值模拟软件explosionFoam。共发表本项目实验和模拟相关的学术论文17篇，其中SCI论文12篇，高影响区6篇；培养硕士毕业研究生1名。