超低能耗装配式建筑围护结构部品能耗机理与技术整合设计策略研究

Envelope is an important guarantee for the realization of ultra-low energy consumption. The type and quantity of the building parts varies and demands the combination of corresponding technical requirements. There is no special energy saving design standards of the assembly building, therefore, the design process still follows the "Cold and Cold Areas of Residential Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards" (JGJ26-2010). In this project, based on the passive ultra-low energy consumption, the basic data of the performance of the envelope building parts are obtained through the research, the integrated principle of the building parts is taken as the research object and the multi-objective optimization analysis is taken as research method, comprehensively considering the benefits of energy consumption, material and cost as the optimization goal. And energy, material and cost factors are considered from the perspective of full life cycle, to determine the objective function, the constraint condition and the decision variables of the envelope building parts satisfying the passive ultra-low energy consumption demands, from the perspective of the material selection, construction mode, and heat transfer performance. The theoretical model of the relationship between product integration strategy and energy consumption is built through enormous simulation and statistical analysis to extract the energy consumption mechanism of envelope building parts of the ultra-low energy consumption assembly building, to study the design strategy of envelope building parts of the low cost and high performance assembly building, based on the passive ultra-low energy consumption demands. The research results provide a theoretical basis for guiding the design of energy-saving design and related standard of assembly building.

围护结构是实现建筑超低能耗的重要保障，装配式建筑部品种类和数量相对较多且需要循序相应的技术要求进行组合。目前尚无专门的装配式建筑节能设计标准，设计过程中仍参照《严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》（JGJ26-2010）。本项目通过调研获取围护结构部品性能等基础数据，以被动式超低能耗为研究基准，以部品集成原理为研究对象，以能耗、材料、成本综合效益为目标，以多目标优化分析为技术手段，从全寿命周期角度综合考虑能源、材料及成本因素，确定满足被动超低能耗要求的围护部品在材料选择、构造方式、综合传热性能的目标函数、约束条件以及决策变量，通过计算机技术整合获取部品集成策略与能耗相互关系的理论模型。通过大量数据模拟并统计分析提取超低能耗装配式建筑围护结构部品能耗机理，研究基于被动超低能耗要求的低成本高性能的装配式围护结构部品设计策略。该研究成果对指导装配式建筑节能设计和相关规范标准的制定提供理论依据。

围护结构是实现装配式建筑超低能耗的重要保障。相较于传统建筑，装配式建筑在设计、建造和施工流程方面存在着较大差异，且存在建筑部品种类和数量相对较多并应遵循一定的技术要求进行整合。本项目通过问卷访谈与实际调研测试，获取装配式建筑易于产生热工缺陷的主要部位和原因。以超低能耗装配式建筑为基准，以建筑部品为研究对象，以能耗和成本为目标函数，利用GRASSHOPPER参数化设计平台得出最优的装配式建筑围护结构部品最优设计解集。利用DESIGNBUILDER能耗模拟软件研究热桥和气密性对装配式建筑负荷的综合影响。利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件和现场实测分析确定装配式建筑构造层次和施工误差造成的热桥影响。在此基础上，提取典型装配式建筑节点的热湿传递理论模型，运用COMCOL软件模拟验证模型的准确性，从而得出不同气候条件下不同参数变量对装配式节点热湿传递的影响规律，为今后装配式建筑围护结构的设计与优化提供指导，对指导装配式建筑节能设计和相关规范标准的制定提供理论依据。